第 69 课 · 第 6 阶段: 动词句型
动词 + to 不定式
中级Verb + to-infinitive
构成与用法
decide / manage / seem / try + to 动词 — 后接 to 的动词
1.形式
很多动词后面接 to + 动词原形（to 不定式）。只有第一个动词随时态变化；to + 动词这部分永远不变。
| 句型 | 例句 | |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定式 | 动词 + to V | We decided to stay. |
| 主要动词的否定 | don't / didn't + 动词 + to V | He didn't manage to finish. |
| 第二个动词的否定 | 动词 + not to V | I promised not to tell. |
| 疑问式 | do / did + 主语 + 动词 + to V? | Do you plan to stay long? |
| 其他时态 | has agreed / will try / was hoping + to V | She has agreed to help. |
not 放在 to 前面：decided not to go。口语里你会听到 “to not go”，但 not to go 才是标准形式，书面语里用它更稳妥。
2.后接 to + 动词的动词
1. 想要、希望、计划、决定：want、would like、hope、plan、decide、intend、expect、aim、choose
I'm hoping to visit Hoi An this summer.
我希望今年夏天能去会安。
We've decided to rent a smaller flat.
我们决定租一套小一点的公寓。
Nam plans to open his own cafe one day.
阿南打算有一天开一家自己的咖啡馆。
2. 答应、同意、拒绝、主动提出、威胁、安排：promise、agree、refuse、offer、threaten、arrange
My neighbour offered to water my plants while I was away.
我不在家时，邻居主动提出帮我浇花。
The taxi driver refused to use the meter.
出租车司机拒绝打表。
We've arranged to meet at eight.
我们约好八点见面。
3. 尝试、成功、失败、学会、负担得起：try、manage、fail、attempt、learn、can't afford
I finally managed to fix the printer.
我终于把打印机修好了。（manage = 成功做成某件难事）
He failed to notice the red light.
他没注意到红灯。
My son is learning to ride a bike.
我儿子在学骑自行车。
Students often can't afford to buy new textbooks.
学生们常常买不起新课本。
4. 似乎、往往、假装、碰巧：seem、appear、tend、pretend、happen
Linh seems to know everyone here.
阿玲好像认识这里的每一个人。
I tend to talk too fast when I'm nervous.
我一紧张，说话就容易太快。
He pretended to be asleep.
他假装睡着了。
Do you happen to know her number?
你碰巧知道她的电话号码吗？
3.seem、appear、pretend：to be -ing 和 to have + V3
在 seem、appear、pretend、tend… 后面，可以用 to + 动词，也可以用 to be + -ing（正在进行的事）和 to have + 过去分词（之前已经发生的事）。
| 句型 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| seem to + V | 现在或一般情况 | She seems to like her new job. |
| seem to be + -ing | 此刻正在进行 | The baby seems to be sleeping. |
| seem to have + V3 | 之前已经发生 | Someone seems to have taken my umbrella. |
| It seems (that) … | 用从句表达同样的意思，也很常用 | It seems (that) she likes her new job. |
decide、know、learn、explain、wonder 等动词后面还可以接 疑问词 + to + 动词：I don't know what to say。见“疑问词 + to 不定式”一课。
4.意思相近，句型不同
不要根据意思去猜形式：很多成对的动词意思几乎一样，但一个接 to + 动词，另一个接 -ing（见“动词 + -ing”一课）。要特别注意 look forward to：这里的 to 是介词，所以后面接 -ing。
| + to V | + -ing |
|---|---|
| hope to win | look forward to winning |
| plan to move | consider moving |
| refuse to answer | avoid answering |
| agree to help | don't mind helping |
| decide to go | suggest going |
| want to stop | feel like stopping |
I hope to see you soon. / I'm looking forward to seeing you.
我希望很快能见到你。/ 我很期待见到你。
She agreed to lend me her notes.
她答应把笔记借给我。
这里的 to 只是不定式的标志，不表示方向或目的。当 to 是真正的介词时（look forward to、be used to、object to），后面接 -ing——见“介词 + -ing”一课。
5.常见错误
We decided going by train.We decided to go by train.
decide + to + 动词。
I hope seeing you soon.I hope to see you soon.
hope + to + 动词。
He promised not be late again.He promised not to be late again.
否定式是 not to + 动词；to 要保留。
I'm agree to help you.I agree to help you.
agree 是动词，不要加 am。
I hope you to pass the exam.I hope (that) you pass the exam.
hope 不能接“人 + to”；要用 that 从句。
She refused answering my question.She refused to answer my question.
refuse + to + 动词。
例句
- We decided to take a taxi because it was raining.
- After three hours, Nam finally managed to solve the problem.
- Linh seems to be very tired today.
- We can't afford to buy a new car this year.
