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第 51 課 · 第 4 階段: 時態與情態動詞

“used to”

中級

“Used to”

構成與用法

used to + 動詞 — 過去的習慣或狀態,現在已不再如此

1.形式

Used to + 動詞原形 表示過去經常發生或過去如此、但現在不再這樣的事。所有主語形式都一樣,而且只有過去式。

句型例句
肯定式S + used to + VI used to live in Hue.
否定式S + didn't use to + VShe didn't use to like coffee.
疑問式Did + S + use to + V?Did you use to play football?
簡略回答Yes, S did. / No, S didn't.Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

在 did / didn't 後面去掉 -d:use to(did 已經表示過去了,就像要說 did you go,不說 did you went)。另一個常見的否定說法是 never used to:I never used to eat vegetables。正式的英式英語中也可能見到 used not to。

Used to 和 use to 讀音相同:/ˈjuːs tə/——讀 /s/,不是動詞 use 的 /z/,d 幾乎不發音。正因為讀音一樣,很容易拼錯:肯定句寫 used,did / didn't 後面寫 use。

2.什麼時候用

1. 過去的習慣——以前反覆做、現在不做了的事

  • I used to play badminton every evening after school.

    我以前每天放學後都去打羽毛球。

  • My grandma used to walk to the market every morning.

    我奶奶以前每天早上走路去市場。

2. 過去的狀態——曾經長期如此、但已經改變的情況(be、have、live、like、think、believe…)

  • This café used to be a bookshop.

    這家咖啡館以前是一家書店。

  • Lan used to have very short hair.

    阿蘭以前留著很短的頭髮。

  • I used to think English grammar was boring.

    我以前覺得英語語法很枯燥。

3. There used to be——某處以前有某樣東西,但現在沒有了

  • There used to be a big banyan tree in front of our school.

    我們學校門口以前有一棵大榕樹。

  • There didn't use to be so much traffic in Da Nang.

    峴港以前車沒有這麼多。

不要用 used to 表示現在的習慣(“I use to drink coffee every morning” 是錯的)。Used to 只有過去式。中文的“我習慣每天早上喝咖啡”說的是現在的習慣,要用一般現在時,常加 usually:I usually drink coffee in the morning。

3.Used to 還是一般過去時?

一般過去時可以描述任何已經結束的過去動作,包括習慣(When I was a kid, I played outside every day)。Used to 強調那是長期的習慣或狀態,而且現在已經不同了。以下情況不用 used to:

  • 只發生過一次的事:I went to Sa Pa last year(不說:used to go)。
  • 說多少次:I visited her three times(不說:used to visit her three times)。
  • 說確切的時長:I lived in Hue for five years(一般不說 used to live there for five years)。
  • 某一時刻正在進行的動作:I was watching TV when you called(不說 used to watch)。
  • We used to go to Vung Tau every summer, but last year we went to Phu Quoc.

    我們以前每年夏天都去頭頓,但去年去了富國島。(used to = 很多次;went = 一次)

4.Used to、be used to 和 would

結構意思例句
used to + V以前做過或以前如此,現在不了I used to live alone.
be used to + V-ing / N習慣於,覺得很正常I'm used to living alone.
get used to + V-ing / N逐漸習慣I'm getting used to living alone.
would + V過去反覆的動作Every Sunday we would visit Grandma.

Be / get used to 前面有 be 或 get,後面接 -ing 或名詞,意思完全不同——見“‘be used to’ + -ing”一課。Would 可以代替 used to 表示反覆的動作,但不能表示狀態:We used to have a dog(不說:would have a dog)——見“Would”一課。

5.常見錯誤

  • I use to play football when I was young.

    I used to play football when I was young.

    肯定句 → used(帶 -d)。

  • I didn't used to like spicy food.

    I didn't use to like spicy food.

    didn't 後面去掉 -d:use to(didn't used to 雖然常見,但被認為是錯誤的)。

  • My father used to worked in a factory.

    My father used to work in a factory.

    used to 後面用動詞原形。

  • I was used to play tennis, but I stopped.

    I used to play tennis, but I stopped.

    過去的習慣不用 be;be used to + -ing 意思是“習慣於”。

  • I use to get up at six every day.

    I usually get up at six every day.

    現在的習慣 → 一般現在時。

  • I used to go to Japan three times.

    I went to Japan three times.

    說次數 → 一般過去時。

例句

  • When I was a child, I used to live in a small village.
  • There used to be a cinema on this street, but now it's a bank.
  • My mum used to work as a nurse before she had kids.
  • Before smartphones, people used to write letters to each other.
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