第 51 課 · 第 4 階段: 時態與情態動詞
“used to”
中級“Used to”
構成與用法
used to + 動詞 — 過去的習慣或狀態,現在已不再如此
1.形式
Used to + 動詞原形 表示過去經常發生或過去如此、但現在不再這樣的事。所有主語形式都一樣,而且只有過去式。
| 句型 | 例句 | |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定式 | S + used to + V | I used to live in Hue. |
| 否定式 | S + didn't use to + V | She didn't use to like coffee. |
| 疑問式 | Did + S + use to + V? | Did you use to play football? |
| 簡略回答 | Yes, S did. / No, S didn't. | Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. |
在 did / didn't 後面去掉 -d:use to(did 已經表示過去了,就像要說 did you go,不說 did you went)。另一個常見的否定說法是 never used to:I never used to eat vegetables。正式的英式英語中也可能見到 used not to。
Used to 和 use to 讀音相同:/ˈjuːs tə/——讀 /s/,不是動詞 use 的 /z/,d 幾乎不發音。正因為讀音一樣,很容易拼錯:肯定句寫 used,did / didn't 後面寫 use。
2.什麼時候用
1. 過去的習慣——以前反覆做、現在不做了的事
I used to play badminton every evening after school.
我以前每天放學後都去打羽毛球。
My grandma used to walk to the market every morning.
我奶奶以前每天早上走路去市場。
2. 過去的狀態——曾經長期如此、但已經改變的情況(be、have、live、like、think、believe…)
This café used to be a bookshop.
這家咖啡館以前是一家書店。
Lan used to have very short hair.
阿蘭以前留著很短的頭髮。
I used to think English grammar was boring.
我以前覺得英語語法很枯燥。
3. There used to be——某處以前有某樣東西,但現在沒有了
There used to be a big banyan tree in front of our school.
我們學校門口以前有一棵大榕樹。
There didn't use to be so much traffic in Da Nang.
峴港以前車沒有這麼多。
不要用 used to 表示現在的習慣(“I use to drink coffee every morning” 是錯的)。Used to 只有過去式。中文的“我習慣每天早上喝咖啡”說的是現在的習慣,要用一般現在時,常加 usually:I usually drink coffee in the morning。
3.Used to 還是一般過去時?
一般過去時可以描述任何已經結束的過去動作,包括習慣(When I was a kid, I played outside every day)。Used to 強調那是長期的習慣或狀態,而且現在已經不同了。以下情況不用 used to:
- 只發生過一次的事:I went to Sa Pa last year(不說:used to go)。
- 說多少次:I visited her three times(不說:used to visit her three times)。
- 說確切的時長:I lived in Hue for five years(一般不說 used to live there for five years)。
- 某一時刻正在進行的動作:I was watching TV when you called(不說 used to watch)。
We used to go to Vung Tau every summer, but last year we went to Phu Quoc.
我們以前每年夏天都去頭頓,但去年去了富國島。(used to = 很多次;went = 一次)
4.Used to、be used to 和 would
| 結構 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| used to + V | 以前做過或以前如此,現在不了 | I used to live alone. |
| be used to + V-ing / N | 習慣於,覺得很正常 | I'm used to living alone. |
| get used to + V-ing / N | 逐漸習慣 | I'm getting used to living alone. |
| would + V | 過去反覆的動作 | Every Sunday we would visit Grandma. |
Be / get used to 前面有 be 或 get,後面接 -ing 或名詞,意思完全不同——見“‘be used to’ + -ing”一課。Would 可以代替 used to 表示反覆的動作,但不能表示狀態:We used to have a dog(不說:would have a dog)——見“Would”一課。
5.常見錯誤
I use to play football when I was young.I used to play football when I was young.
肯定句 → used(帶 -d)。
I didn't used to like spicy food.I didn't use to like spicy food.
didn't 後面去掉 -d:use to(didn't used to 雖然常見,但被認為是錯誤的)。
My father used to worked in a factory.My father used to work in a factory.
used to 後面用動詞原形。
I was used to play tennis, but I stopped.I used to play tennis, but I stopped.
過去的習慣不用 be;be used to + -ing 意思是“習慣於”。
I use to get up at six every day.I usually get up at six every day.
現在的習慣 → 一般現在時。
I used to go to Japan three times.I went to Japan three times.
說次數 → 一般過去時。
例句
- When I was a child, I used to live in a small village.
- There used to be a cinema on this street, but now it's a bank.
- My mum used to work as a nurse before she had kids.
- Before smartphones, people used to write letters to each other.
