第 1 課 · 第 1 階段: 基礎
Be 動詞：am / is / are, was / were
初級Be: am / is / are, was / were
構成與用法
現在用 am/is/are，過去用 was/were + 名詞、形容詞或地點——說明是誰、是什麼、在哪裡
1.be 動詞的一般現在時形式
Be 在一般現在時有三種形式：am、is 和 are。用哪一個由主語決定。口語中，母語者幾乎總是用縮寫形式。
| 主語 | 肯定式 | 縮寫形式 | 否定式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | I'm | I'm not |
| he / she / it | is | he's / she's / it's | isn't (= he's not…) |
| we / you / they | are | we're / you're / they're | aren't (= we're not…) |
單數名詞用 is（My phone is…），複數名詞用 are（These shoes are…）。英語裡沒有 “amn't” 這種說法——I am 的否定是 I'm not。
2.be 後面接什麼
Be 把主語和關於主語的資訊連線起來：是什麼、怎麼樣、在哪裡、多大年紀、來自哪裡。
My sister is a nurse.
我姐姐是護士。（be + 名詞）
The coffee is too sweet.
這咖啡太甜了。（be + 形容詞）
Your keys are on the table.
你的鑰匙在桌子上。（be + 地點）
I'm twenty-three.
我二十三歲。（表達年齡用 be，不用 have）
We're from Da Nang.
我們來自峴港。
It's cold today. It's half past seven.
今天很冷。現在七點半。（天氣和時間：主語用 it）
中文說“她很高”“我累了”，形容詞前不需要動詞。英語中形容詞前一定要有 be：She is tall、I'm tired——不能說 “She tall”。
3.疑問句和簡略回答
構成疑問句時，把 am / is / are 放到主語前面。疑問詞（where、how old、what…）放在句首。
Are you hungry?
你餓了嗎？
Is your brother at home?
你哥哥在家嗎？
Where is the bus stop?
公交車站在哪裡？
How old are your kids?
你的孩子們多大了？
簡略回答：Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. —— Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 肯定的簡略回答永遠不縮寫：要說 “Yes, I am”，不能說 “Yes, I'm”。
4.一般過去時：was / were
| 主語 | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 疑問式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / he / she / it | was | wasn't | Was I / he…? |
| we / you / they | were | weren't | Were we / you…? |
I was at the gym last night.
我昨晚在健身房。
The tickets weren't expensive.
票不貴。
Were you nervous before the interview?
面試前你緊張嗎？
Where was she yesterday? — She was in Hanoi.
她昨天在哪裡？——她在河內。
5.常見錯誤
She very friendly.She is very friendly.
形容詞前仍然需要 be。
I have 25 years old.I'm 25 (years old).
表達年齡用 be。
My parents is teachers.My parents are teachers.
主語是複數 → 用 are。
Yes, I'm.Yes, I am.
肯定的簡略回答不縮寫。
I am agree with you.I agree with you.
agree 是動詞，不需要 be。
例句
- My brother is a doctor in Da Nang.
- Lan and Hoa are in the same class.
- I am very hungry right now.
- Are you tired after work?
