第 1 课 · 第 1 阶段: 基础
Be 动词：am / is / are, was / were
初级Be: am / is / are, was / were
构成与用法
现在用 am/is/are，过去用 was/were + 名词、形容词或地点——说明是谁、是什么、在哪里
1.be 动词的一般现在时形式
Be 在一般现在时有三种形式：am、is 和 are。用哪一个由主语决定。口语中，母语者几乎总是用缩写形式。
| 主语 | 肯定式 | 缩写形式 | 否定式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | I'm | I'm not |
| he / she / it | is | he's / she's / it's | isn't (= he's not…) |
| we / you / they | are | we're / you're / they're | aren't (= we're not…) |
单数名词用 is（My phone is…），复数名词用 are（These shoes are…）。英语里没有 “amn't” 这种说法——I am 的否定是 I'm not。
2.be 后面接什么
Be 把主语和关于主语的信息连接起来：是什么、怎么样、在哪里、多大年纪、来自哪里。
My sister is a nurse.
我姐姐是护士。（be + 名词）
The coffee is too sweet.
这咖啡太甜了。（be + 形容词）
Your keys are on the table.
你的钥匙在桌子上。（be + 地点）
I'm twenty-three.
我二十三岁。（表达年龄用 be，不用 have）
We're from Da Nang.
我们来自岘港。
It's cold today. It's half past seven.
今天很冷。现在七点半。（天气和时间：主语用 it）
中文说“她很高”“我累了”，形容词前不需要动词。英语中形容词前一定要有 be：She is tall、I'm tired——不能说 “She tall”。
3.疑问句和简略回答
构成疑问句时，把 am / is / are 放到主语前面。疑问词（where、how old、what…）放在句首。
Are you hungry?
你饿了吗？
Is your brother at home?
你哥哥在家吗？
Where is the bus stop?
公交车站在哪里？
How old are your kids?
你的孩子们多大了？
简略回答：Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. —— Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 肯定的简略回答永远不缩写：要说 “Yes, I am”，不能说 “Yes, I'm”。
4.一般过去时：was / were
| 主语 | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 疑问式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / he / she / it | was | wasn't | Was I / he…? |
| we / you / they | were | weren't | Were we / you…? |
I was at the gym last night.
我昨晚在健身房。
The tickets weren't expensive.
票不贵。
Were you nervous before the interview?
面试前你紧张吗？
Where was she yesterday? — She was in Hanoi.
她昨天在哪里？——她在河内。
5.常见错误
She very friendly.She is very friendly.
形容词前仍然需要 be。
I have 25 years old.I'm 25 (years old).
表达年龄用 be。
My parents is teachers.My parents are teachers.
主语是复数 → 用 are。
Yes, I'm.Yes, I am.
肯定的简略回答不缩写。
I am agree with you.I agree with you.
agree 是动词，不需要 be。
例句
- My brother is a doctor in Da Nang.
- Lan and Hoa are in the same class.
- I am very hungry right now.
- Are you tired after work?
