反身代詞

反身代詞以 -self（單數）或 -selves（複數）結尾。you 有兩種形式：一個人用 yourself，多個人用 yourselves。

💡hisself、theirselves 和 ourself 都不是標準英語。注意：myself, yourself, herself, ourselves 是在 my / your / her / our 的基礎上構成的，而 himself 和 themselves 是在 him / them 的基礎上構成的。

1. 主語和賓語是同一個人

• I cut myself while I was cooking.

  我做飯時不小心切到了自己。

• Lan looked at herself in the mirror.

  阿蘭照著鏡子看自己。

• Minh blamed himself for the accident.

  阿明為這起事故責怪自己。（阿明怪的是阿明自己）

• Minh blamed him for the accident.

  阿明為這起事故責怪他。（him = 另一個人）

2. 一些常用短語：enjoy yourself（玩得開心）、help yourself（請隨便吃 / 隨便拿）、make yourself at home（別拘束，就當在自己家）、introduce yourself（自我介紹）、behave yourself（規矩點）

• We really enjoyed ourselves in Da Lat.

  我們在大叻玩得非常開心。

• Please help yourselves to some fruit.

  大家請隨便吃點水果。

• Let me introduce myself. I'm Hoa.

  我來自我介紹一下。我叫阿花。

3. 強調“就是那個人，不是別人”——通常放在句末，或緊跟在那個人後面

• Did you make this cake yourself?

  這個蛋糕是你自己做的嗎？

• The manager herself came to say sorry.

  經理親自來道歉了。

by myself / by yourself… 和 on my own / on your own… 表示獨自一人或沒有別人幫忙。兩者意思相同。

• My grandpa lives by himself in the countryside.

  我爺爺一個人住在鄉下。

• Can you finish your homework by yourself?

  你能自己做完作業嗎？

• I like travelling on my own.

  我喜歡一個人旅行。

💡要說自己做某事、沒有別人幫忙，英語常用 -self：自學 = teach yourself，自己修 = fix it yourself。by 後面要用 -self 形式：by myself（不是 by me）。

themselves / ourselves = 每個人對自己做某事。each other = 每個人對對方做某事（互相）。

• Lan and Mai looked at themselves in the mirror.

  阿蘭和阿梅照著鏡子看自己。（各看各的）

• Lan and Mai looked at each other.

  阿蘭和阿梅互相看著對方。（阿蘭看阿梅，阿梅看阿蘭）

• My parents love each other very much.

  我父母非常相愛。

• feel, relax, concentrate, meet 後面通常不用 -self：I feel great（不說 I feel myself great）。
• wash, shave, dress 這類日常動作通常省略 -self：I got dressed and left。只有想強調費了力氣時才加（My little son can dress himself now）。
• 表示位置的介詞後面用普通的賓格：She put her bag next to her（不是 next to herself）。

• Sit down and relax.

  坐下來放鬆一下。（不說：relax yourself）

• Let's meet outside the cinema at seven.

  我們七點在電影院外面見吧。（不說：meet ourselves）

• ✗He fixed the bike by hisself.

  ✓He fixed the bike by himself.

  hisself 不是標準英語。

• ✗They enjoyed theirselves.

  ✓They enjoyed themselves.

  正確的形式是 themselves。

• ✗Did you enjoy at the party?

  ✓Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

  enjoy 需要賓語：enjoy yourself / enjoy the party。

• ✗I feel myself tired.

  ✓I feel tired.

  feel 後面不用 myself。

• ✗Nam and Lan love themselves.

  ✓Nam and Lan love each other.

  愛的是對方 → 用 each other。

• ✗Help yourselfs to some cake.

  ✓Help yourselves to some cake.

  複數：-self → -selves。