第 17 課 · 第 2 階段: 常用詞:代詞、冠詞、介詞
This / that / these / those, one / ones
初級構成與用法
this book, those shoes, the blue one——指近處和遠處的東西,不必重複名詞
1.This / that / these / those
這四個詞用來指人或物。選哪個要問兩個問題:離說話人近還是遠?是一個還是多個?
| 近(這裡) | 遠(那裡) | |
|---|---|---|
| 單數 / 不可數 | this | that |
| 複數 | these | those |
它們可以放在名詞前面(this bag),也可以單獨使用(This is heavy)。
This bag is really heavy.
這個包真重。
Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.
看那些雲!要下雨了。
These are my parents.
這是我的父母。
Is that your car over there?
那邊那輛是你的車嗎?
注意發音:this /ðɪs/ 是短母音,以 /s/ 結尾;these /ðiːz/ 是長母音,以 /z/ 結尾。that /ðæt/ 和 those /ðəʊz/ 也一樣。把詞尾的音讀清楚——聽的人靠它來判斷你說的是一個還是多個。
2.其他用法
1. 介紹別人,以及打電話時說自己是誰——用 this
Mum, this is my friend Hoa.
媽媽,這是我的朋友阿花。
Hello, this is Minh from the dental clinic.
您好,我是牙科診所的阿明。
2. 時間:this 指現在或不久的將來(this morning, this week),that 指過去的某個時間(that day, at that time)
I'm really busy this week.
我這週真的很忙。
I still remember that day.
我還記得那一天。
3. that 指對方剛說過或剛做過的事
Let's order pizza. — That's a great idea!
我們點披薩吧。——好主意!
Thanks for the lift. That was really kind of you.
謝謝你送我一程。你真是太好了。
3.One / ones——不用重複名詞
說的是什麼已經很清楚時,用 one 代替單數可數名詞,用 ones 代替複數名詞。
I don't like the red shirt. I prefer the blue one.
我不喜歡那件紅襯衫,我更喜歡藍色的那件。
These shoes are too small. Do you have any bigger ones?
這雙鞋太小了。有大一點的嗎?
Which one do you want? — That one, please.
你要哪一個?——那個,謝謝。
My phone is really old. I need a new one.
我的手機太舊了,我需要一部新的。
- 形容詞不能單獨代替名詞:a new one(不是 a new)、the big ones。
- this one / that one 非常常用。複數時,單用 these / those 就夠了;these ones / those ones 在口語中也很常見,尤其是英式英語。
- one/ones 只能代替可數名詞。不可數名詞要麼省略,要麼重複:I prefer brown rice to white(不說 white one)。
中文靠一個“的”就能省掉名詞:“藍色的”“大一點的”。英語的形容詞後面卻要補上 one:the blue one(藍色的那個),a bigger one(大一點的)。
4.One 還是 it?
a new one / one = 同類東西中的任意一個。it / them = 你提到的那個東西本身。
I lost my umbrella, so I bought a new one.
我把傘弄丟了,所以買了一把新的。(另一把傘)
I lost my umbrella, but I found it the next day.
我把傘弄丟了,但第二天找到了。(同一把傘)
I need a pen. Have you got one?
我需要一支筆。你有嗎?
5.常見錯誤
I love this flowers.I love these flowers.
複數名詞 → 用 these。
Look at that birds!Look at those birds!
複數而且離得遠 → 用 those。
My bike is broken, so I need a new.My bike is broken, so I need a new one.
形容詞後面需要 one。
She is my friend Hoa.This is my friend Hoa.
介紹某人時說 This is…
I lost my keys and I can't find ones.I lost my keys and I can't find them.
就是那串鑰匙 → 用 them。
These are cheaper than that ones.These are cheaper than those (ones).
複數 → 用 those。
例句
- Look at those birds over there in the tree!
- These shoes I'm wearing are new.
- These books on my desk are for you.
- I don't like the green shirt. Can I try the blue one?
