全部語法課

第 17 課 · 第 2 階段: 常用詞:代詞、冠詞、介詞

This / that / these / those, one / ones

初級

構成與用法

this book, those shoes, the blue one——指近處和遠處的東西,不必重複名詞

1.This / that / these / those

這四個詞用來指人或物。選哪個要問兩個問題:離說話人近還是遠?是一個還是多個?

近(這裡)遠(那裡)
單數 / 不可數thisthat
複數thesethose

它們可以放在名詞前面(this bag),也可以單獨使用(This is heavy)。

  • This bag is really heavy.

    這個包真重。

  • Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.

    看那些雲!要下雨了。

  • These are my parents.

    這是我的父母。

  • Is that your car over there?

    那邊那輛是你的車嗎?

注意發音:this /ðɪs/ 是短母音,以 /s/ 結尾;these /ðiːz/ 是長母音,以 /z/ 結尾。that /ðæt/ 和 those /ðəʊz/ 也一樣。把詞尾的音讀清楚——聽的人靠它來判斷你說的是一個還是多個。

2.其他用法

1. 介紹別人,以及打電話時說自己是誰——用 this

  • Mum, this is my friend Hoa.

    媽媽,這是我的朋友阿花。

  • Hello, this is Minh from the dental clinic.

    您好,我是牙科診所的阿明。

2. 時間:this 指現在或不久的將來(this morning, this week),that 指過去的某個時間(that day, at that time)

  • I'm really busy this week.

    我這週真的很忙。

  • I still remember that day.

    我還記得那一天。

3. that 指對方剛說過或剛做過的事

  • Let's order pizza. — That's a great idea!

    我們點披薩吧。——好主意!

  • Thanks for the lift. That was really kind of you.

    謝謝你送我一程。你真是太好了。

3.One / ones——不用重複名詞

說的是什麼已經很清楚時,用 one 代替單數可數名詞,用 ones 代替複數名詞。

  • I don't like the red shirt. I prefer the blue one.

    我不喜歡那件紅襯衫,我更喜歡藍色的那件。

  • These shoes are too small. Do you have any bigger ones?

    這雙鞋太小了。有大一點的嗎?

  • Which one do you want? — That one, please.

    你要哪一個?——那個,謝謝。

  • My phone is really old. I need a new one.

    我的手機太舊了,我需要一部新的。

  • 形容詞不能單獨代替名詞:a new one(不是 a new)、the big ones。
  • this one / that one 非常常用。複數時,單用 these / those 就夠了;these ones / those ones 在口語中也很常見,尤其是英式英語。
  • one/ones 只能代替可數名詞。不可數名詞要麼省略,要麼重複:I prefer brown rice to white(不說 white one)。

中文靠一個“的”就能省掉名詞:“藍色的”“大一點的”。英語的形容詞後面卻要補上 one:the blue one(藍色的那個),a bigger one(大一點的)。

4.One 還是 it?

a new one / one = 同類東西中的任意一個。it / them = 你提到的那個東西本身。

  • I lost my umbrella, so I bought a new one.

    我把傘弄丟了,所以買了一把新的。(另一把傘)

  • I lost my umbrella, but I found it the next day.

    我把傘弄丟了,但第二天找到了。(同一把傘)

  • I need a pen. Have you got one?

    我需要一支筆。你有嗎?

5.常見錯誤

  • I love this flowers.

    I love these flowers.

    複數名詞 → 用 these。

  • Look at that birds!

    Look at those birds!

    複數而且離得遠 → 用 those。

  • My bike is broken, so I need a new.

    My bike is broken, so I need a new one.

    形容詞後面需要 one。

  • She is my friend Hoa.

    This is my friend Hoa.

    介紹某人時說 This is…

  • I lost my keys and I can't find ones.

    I lost my keys and I can't find them.

    就是那串鑰匙 → 用 them。

  • These are cheaper than that ones.

    These are cheaper than those (ones).

    複數 → 用 those。

例句

  • Look at those birds over there in the tree!
  • These shoes I'm wearing are new.
  • These books on my desk are for you.
  • I don't like the green shirt. Can I try the blue one?
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