第 15 課 · 第 2 階段: 常用詞:代詞、冠詞、介詞
代詞與所有格:I / me / my / mine
初級Pronouns and possessives: I / me / my / mine
構成與用法
I–me–my–mine, Lan's, a friend of mine, my own——誰做事、東西屬於誰
1.人稱代詞一覽表
英語的代詞會根據它在句中的作用改變形式:作主語、作賓語,還是表示“誰的”。
| 主格 | 賓格 | 形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞 | 名詞性物主代詞(單獨使用) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine |
| you | you | your | yours |
| he | him | his | his |
| she | her | her | hers |
| it | it | its | —(幾乎不用) |
| we | us | our | ours |
| they | them | their | theirs |
記憶竅門:最後一列的大多數形式就是第 3 列 + -s:your → yours, her → hers, our → ours, their → theirs。例外是 my → mine,還有保持不變的 his。
2.主格還是賓格:I 還是 me?
主格代詞(I, he, she, we, they)放在動詞前面——是做動作的人。賓格代詞(me, him, her, us, them)放在動詞後面或介詞後面(for, with, to, at, about…)。
She loves him, but he doesn't love her.
她愛他,可他不愛她。
Can you help me with this box?
你能幫我搬一下這個箱子嗎?
This present is for you.
這份禮物是給你的。
We're going to the beach. Why don't you come with us?
我們要去海邊。你要不要跟我們一起去?
Who's there? — It's me.
誰啊?——是我。(日常英語這裡用 me,不說 It's I)
用 and 連線兩個人時,規則不變:作主語用 I,作賓語用 me。
Nam and I play badminton on Sundays.
我和阿南每個星期天打羽毛球。(作主語 → I)
Mum bought ice cream for my brother and me.
媽媽給我弟弟和我買了冰淇淋。(在介詞 for 後面 → me)
拿不準用 I 還是 me?把另一個人去掉試試:“Mum bought ice cream for me” ✓——沒人會說 “for I”,所以 “for my brother and me” 是對的。隨意的口語中,很多母語者會說 “Me and Nam played…”,但書面語和正式場合要用 Nam and I。
3.My 還是 mine?
my, your, his, her, its, our, their 總是放在名詞前面。mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs 單獨使用,代替整個 “my + 名詞”。
This is my phone. = This phone is mine.
這是我的手機。= 這部手機是我的。
Is this your umbrella or hers?
這是你的傘還是她的?
Our garden is small, but theirs is huge.
我們的花園很小,但他們的很大。
The cat is licking its paw.
貓在舔它的爪子。
- 用 his 還是 her 取決於物主是男是女,而不是取決於東西:Lan and her brother(阿蘭是女的 → her),Minh and his sister(阿明是男的 → his)。
- 名詞性物主代詞沒有撇號:yours, hers, ours, theirs(不是 your's, her's)。
- its = 它的;it's = it is / it has。The dog wagged its tail. / It's raining.
- my/mine 前面不能加 the 或 a:my book(不是 the my book)。
4.人名和名詞:Lan's
在人名或指人的名詞後加 's,表示東西屬於誰。已經以 -s 結尾的複數名詞,只加一個撇號( ' )。問東西是誰的,用 Whose…?(不要和 Who's = who is 混淆)。
This is Lan's room.
這是阿蘭的房間。
My parents' house is in Hue.
我父母的房子在順化。(複數已經以 -s 結尾 → 只加 ')
Whose umbrella is this? — It's Minh's.
這是誰的傘?——是阿明的。
Who's that man next to your dad?
你爸爸旁邊那個男人是誰?(Who's = Who is)
什麼時候用 's、什麼時候用 of(the name of the song),見“-'s 還是 of”一課。
5.A friend of mine, my own
a / an + 名詞 + of mine / yours / hers / Lan's… 表示“我的 / 你的……(朋友、表親……)中的一個”。不能說 “a my friend”,也不能說 “a friend of me”。
Tuan is an old friend of mine.
阿俊是我的一個老朋友。
I met a cousin of yours at the wedding.
我在婚禮上碰到了你的一個表親。
my own, your own, his own… 表示東西只屬於那個人——不是和別人共用的,也不是借來的。own 總是放在物主代詞後面。
I finally have my own room.
我終於有了自己的房間。
She wants to start her own business.
她想自己創業。
Bring your own water bottle.
請自帶水瓶。
中文說“我的一個朋友”,但英語不能把 a 和 my 放在一起說成 “a my friend”。要表達“我的一個朋友”,用 a friend of mine;特指“我的朋友”時,用 my friend。
6.常見錯誤
Can you help I?Can you help me?
動詞後面用賓格代詞。
This is mine book.This is my book.
後面有名詞 → 用 my。
That bag is my.That bag is mine.
後面沒有名詞 → 用 mine。
Lan lives with his parents.Lan lives with her parents.
阿蘭是女的 → 用 her(跟著物主走)。
Hoa is a friend of me.Hoa is a friend of mine.
固定句型是 a friend of mine。
The dog is wagging it's tail.The dog is wagging its tail.
it's = it is;表示“它的”要用 its。
例句
- Can you help me? I can't open this window.
- Is this your phone? — No, it isn't mine. Mine is black.
- My brother and I love football. Dad often takes us to matches.
- Lan and Tuan have a new car. Their car is red.
