第 15 课 · 第 2 阶段: 常用词:代词、冠词、介词
代词与所有格:I / me / my / mine
初级Pronouns and possessives: I / me / my / mine
构成与用法
I–me–my–mine, Lan's, a friend of mine, my own——谁做事、东西属于谁
1.人称代词一览表
英语的代词会根据它在句中的作用改变形式:作主语、作宾语,还是表示“谁的”。
| 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 | 名词性物主代词(单独使用) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine |
| you | you | your | yours |
| he | him | his | his |
| she | her | her | hers |
| it | it | its | —(几乎不用) |
| we | us | our | ours |
| they | them | their | theirs |
记忆窍门:最后一列的大多数形式就是第 3 列 + -s:your → yours, her → hers, our → ours, their → theirs。例外是 my → mine,还有保持不变的 his。
2.主格还是宾格:I 还是 me?
主格代词(I, he, she, we, they)放在动词前面——是做动作的人。宾格代词(me, him, her, us, them)放在动词后面或介词后面(for, with, to, at, about…)。
She loves him, but he doesn't love her.
她爱他,可他不爱她。
Can you help me with this box?
你能帮我搬一下这个箱子吗?
This present is for you.
这份礼物是给你的。
We're going to the beach. Why don't you come with us?
我们要去海边。你要不要跟我们一起去?
Who's there? — It's me.
谁啊?——是我。(日常英语这里用 me,不说 It's I)
用 and 连接两个人时,规则不变:作主语用 I,作宾语用 me。
Nam and I play badminton on Sundays.
我和阿南每个星期天打羽毛球。(作主语 → I)
Mum bought ice cream for my brother and me.
妈妈给我弟弟和我买了冰淇淋。(在介词 for 后面 → me)
拿不准用 I 还是 me?把另一个人去掉试试:“Mum bought ice cream for me” ✓——没人会说 “for I”,所以 “for my brother and me” 是对的。随意的口语中,很多母语者会说 “Me and Nam played…”,但书面语和正式场合要用 Nam and I。
3.My 还是 mine?
my, your, his, her, its, our, their 总是放在名词前面。mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs 单独使用,代替整个 “my + 名词”。
This is my phone. = This phone is mine.
这是我的手机。= 这部手机是我的。
Is this your umbrella or hers?
这是你的伞还是她的?
Our garden is small, but theirs is huge.
我们的花园很小,但他们的很大。
The cat is licking its paw.
猫在舔它的爪子。
- 用 his 还是 her 取决于物主是男是女,而不是取决于东西:Lan and her brother(阿兰是女的 → her),Minh and his sister(阿明是男的 → his)。
- 名词性物主代词没有撇号:yours, hers, ours, theirs(不是 your's, her's)。
- its = 它的;it's = it is / it has。The dog wagged its tail. / It's raining.
- my/mine 前面不能加 the 或 a:my book(不是 the my book)。
4.人名和名词:Lan's
在人名或指人的名词后加 's,表示东西属于谁。已经以 -s 结尾的复数名词,只加一个撇号( ' )。问东西是谁的,用 Whose…?(不要和 Who's = who is 混淆)。
This is Lan's room.
这是阿兰的房间。
My parents' house is in Hue.
我父母的房子在顺化。(复数已经以 -s 结尾 → 只加 ')
Whose umbrella is this? — It's Minh's.
这是谁的伞?——是阿明的。
Who's that man next to your dad?
你爸爸旁边那个男人是谁?(Who's = Who is)
什么时候用 's、什么时候用 of(the name of the song),见“-'s 还是 of”一课。
5.A friend of mine, my own
a / an + 名词 + of mine / yours / hers / Lan's… 表示“我的 / 你的……(朋友、表亲……)中的一个”。不能说 “a my friend”,也不能说 “a friend of me”。
Tuan is an old friend of mine.
阿俊是我的一个老朋友。
I met a cousin of yours at the wedding.
我在婚礼上碰到了你的一个表亲。
my own, your own, his own… 表示东西只属于那个人——不是和别人共用的,也不是借来的。own 总是放在物主代词后面。
I finally have my own room.
我终于有了自己的房间。
She wants to start her own business.
她想自己创业。
Bring your own water bottle.
请自带水瓶。
中文说“我的一个朋友”,但英语不能把 a 和 my 放在一起说成 “a my friend”。要表达“我的一个朋友”,用 a friend of mine;特指“我的朋友”时,用 my friend。
6.常见错误
Can you help I?Can you help me?
动词后面用宾格代词。
This is mine book.This is my book.
后面有名词 → 用 my。
That bag is my.That bag is mine.
后面没有名词 → 用 mine。
Lan lives with his parents.Lan lives with her parents.
阿兰是女的 → 用 her(跟着物主走)。
Hoa is a friend of me.Hoa is a friend of mine.
固定句型是 a friend of mine。
The dog is wagging it's tail.The dog is wagging its tail.
it's = it is;表示“它的”要用 its。
例句
- Can you help me? I can't open this window.
- Is this your phone? — No, it isn't mine. Mine is black.
- My brother and I love football. Dad often takes us to matches.
- Lan and Tuan have a new car. Their car is red.
