第 84 課 · 第 7 階段: 名詞、冠詞與限定詞
-'s 還是 of
中級-'s or of
構成與用法
my sister's name, the end of the film, today's news——表示屬於誰或屬於什麼
1.-'s 的寫法
所有者 + 's + 所有物:Lan's bike。撇號放在哪裡,取決於表示所有者的名詞。
| 所有者 | 形式 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 單數 | + 's | my sister's room, the dog's bed |
| 以 -s 結尾的複數 | + ' | my sisters' room, my parents' house |
| 不以 -s 結尾的複數 | + 's | the children's toys, the women's team, people's opinions |
| 以 -s 結尾的名字 | + 's / + ' | James's car / James' car |
| 兩人共同擁有 | 's 加在後一個名字上 | Lan and Minh's flat |
This is my sister's room.
這是我姐姐的房間。(一個姐姐)
This is my sisters' room.
這是我姐姐們的房間。(兩個或更多姐姐)
I'm staying at my parents' house this weekend.
這個週末我住在我父母家。
The children's room is upstairs.
孩子們的房間在樓上。
意思清楚時,'s 後面可以不接名詞,尤其是指某人的家或商店、診所:at Lan's(在阿蘭家)、at the doctor's、at the hairdresser's。
This isn't my phone. It's Minh's.
這不是我的手機,是阿明的。
We had dinner at Lan's last night.
我們昨晚在阿蘭家吃的晚飯。
用 's 時,所有者放在前面,the 要去掉:Lan's bike(不說:the bike of Lan,也不說:the Lan's bike)。口語中 sister's、sisters 和 sisters' 讀音相同——只有書面上才有區別。
2.人用 -'s,物用 of
's 主要用於人和動物。表示事物、概念以及某物的一部分(top, bottom, end, middle, back)時,通常用 the … of …。
| 人、動物:'s | 事物、事物的一部分:of |
|---|---|
| Nam's laptop | the top of the page |
| my teacher's name | the name of the street |
| the cat's tail | the end of the film |
| our boss's office | the back of the bus |
所有者是很長的短語時,用 of 更清楚:the son of the couple who live upstairs(避免說:the couple who live upstairs's son)。
What's your teacher's name?
你們老師叫什麼名字?
Write your name at the top of the page.
把你的名字寫在這一頁的最上面。(不說:the page's top)
We sat at the back of the bus.
我們坐在公交車的後排。
3.機構和地方:兩種都可以
公司、組織、城市、國家和 the world,用 's 和 of 都可以。's 更簡短,在新聞中非常常見。
The company's profits rose last year. = The profits of the company rose last year.
公司的利潤去年增長了。
Vietnam's economy is growing fast.
越南的經濟正在快速增長。
Tokyo is one of the world's biggest cities.
東京是世界上最大的城市之一。
4.時間:today's news, a week's holiday
表示時間的詞可以加 's:today's / yesterday's / tomorrow's、tonight's、this week's / next month's / last year's。用了 's 就不再用 the。
Have you read today's news?
你看今天的新聞了嗎?(不說:the today's news)
Last night's match was amazing.
昨晚的比賽太精彩了。
Next week's meeting has been cancelled.
下週的會議已經取消了。
表示一段時間的長度(英式英語常用):a week's holiday, two weeks' holiday, ten minutes' walk, in a year's time。意思和 a one-week holiday, a ten-minute walk 一樣(見“名詞 + 名詞”一課)。
I'm taking two weeks' holiday in July.
我七月要休兩週假。(weeks'——以 -s 結尾的複數只加 ')
The station is only five minutes' walk from here.
車站離這裡只有五分鐘的步行路程。
5.常見錯誤
I borrowed the laptop of Nam.I borrowed Nam's laptop.
所有者是人 → 用 's。
The students's bags are here.The students' bags are here.
以 -s 結尾的複數只加 '。
The womens' toilets are on the left.The women's toilets are on the left.
women 不以 -s 結尾 → 加 's。
My parent's house is near the river.My parents' house is near the river.
父母兩個人(複數)→ parents'。
Meet me at the street's end.Meet me at the end of the street.
事物的一部分 → 用 of。
Did you watch the yesterday's match?Did you watch yesterday's match?
用了 's 就去掉 the。
例句
- This is my brother's car. He bought it last month.
- That's Lan's bike, not mine.
- Write your name at the top of the page.
- My parents live in Hue. My parents' house is near the river.
