第 83 課 · 第 7 階段: 名詞、冠詞與限定詞
名詞 + 名詞
中級Noun + noun
構成與用法
a bus driver, a ten-minute walk, a coffee cup——用一個名詞修飾另一個名詞
1.結構
兩個名詞放在一起可以表示一個概念。第一個名詞的作用像形容詞,說明是什麼型別 / 做什麼用的;第二個名詞才是中心詞。
| 名詞 1(什麼型別?) | 名詞 2(中心詞) | 合起來 |
|---|---|---|
| bus | driver | a bus driver |
| phone | number | a phone number |
| city | centre | the city centre |
| apple | juice | apple juice |
| traffic | lights | traffic lights |
| birthday | party | a birthday party |
這一點和中文一樣:中心詞放在最後(“公交車司機”“市中心”“車鑰匙”)。英語也是 a bus driver, the city centre, car keys——不要說成 “driver of bus”。
My uncle is a taxi driver.
我叔叔是計程車司機。
Can I have your phone number?
能告訴我你的電話號碼嗎?
Turn left at the traffic lights.
在紅綠燈處左轉。
兩個名詞調換位置,意思就變了:a flower garden 是花園(種滿了花),而 a garden flower 是花(種在花園裡的)。
2.第一個名詞通常用單數
因為第一個名詞的作用像形容詞,所以即使意思是複數,它通常也不加 -s:賣鞋的店 → a shoe shop。
There's a new shoe shop near my house.
我家附近新開了一家鞋店。(不說:shoes shop)
I need a new toothbrush.
我需要一把新牙刷。
Where's the ticket office?
售票處在哪裡?
- 例外:總是以 -s 結尾的名詞保留 -s:a clothes shop, a sports car, a savings account
- 名詞 1 可以是 -ing 形式(表示用途):a swimming pool, a washing machine, a waiting room
- 可以把兩個以上的名詞連在一起:a hotel reception desk, a table tennis ball
- 拼寫沒有明確規則:有的連寫成一個詞(toothbrush, bedroom, headache),有的分開寫(bus stop, post office)。拿不準時,就分開寫。
3.數字 + 名詞:a ten-minute walk
數字 + 單位放在名詞前面作修飾語時,單位用單數,並用連字元連線:a ten-minute walk, a two-hour meeting, a five-year-old boy, a three-day trip。
| 在動詞後——用複數 | 在名詞前——單數 + 連字元 |
|---|---|
| The walk takes ten minutes. | It's a ten-minute walk. |
| The meeting lasted two hours. | We had a two-hour meeting. |
| My son is five years old. | I have a five-year-old son. |
| The trip is three days long. | It's a three-day trip. |
My school is a fifteen-minute walk from home.
我學校離家步行十五分鐘。(不說:fifteen-minutes)
We stayed in a four-star hotel.
我們住在一家四星級酒店。
She found a 50,000-dong note in her pocket.
她在口袋裡發現了一張五萬越南盾的鈔票。
也可以用 -'s(見“-'s 還是 of”一課):a ten-minute walk = ten minutes' walk。
4.a coffee cup 還是 a cup of coffee?
名詞 + 名詞指物品本身 / 種類(專門用來裝咖啡的杯子)。a … of … 指裡面裝的東西(裝滿咖啡的一杯)。
| 名詞 + 名詞:物品本身 | a … of …:裡面裝的東西 |
|---|---|
| a coffee cup | a cup of coffee |
| a water bottle | a bottle of water |
| a wine glass | a glass of wine |
| a matchbox | a box of matches |
| a toolbox | a box of tools |
I'd like a cup of tea, please.
請給我一杯茶。(你要的是茶)
Can you wash those coffee cups?
你能把那些咖啡杯洗一下嗎?(指杯子本身)
Don't forget your water bottle.
別忘了帶你的水壺。
5.常見錯誤
My father is a driver bus.My father is a bus driver.
中心詞放在最後。
We live in the centre city.We live in the city centre.
中心詞放在最後。
She works in a shoes shop.She works in a shoe shop.
第一個名詞通常用單數。
It's a ten-minutes walk.It's a ten-minute walk.
在名詞前,單位用單數。
I have a five-years-old daughter.I have a five-year-old daughter.
在名詞前,year 不加 -s。
I'm thirsty. Can I have a coffee cup?I'm thirsty. Can I have a cup of coffee?
要喝的 → a cup of coffee;a coffee cup 是杯子。
例句
- We live a ten-minute walk from the market.
- My uncle is a bus driver. He drives the number 32.
- I'd like a cup of coffee, please. With milk, no sugar.
- Put your shoes on the shoe rack by the door.
