第 83 课 · 第 7 阶段: 名词、冠词与限定词
名词 + 名词
中级Noun + noun
构成与用法
a bus driver, a ten-minute walk, a coffee cup——用一个名词修饰另一个名词
1.结构
两个名词放在一起可以表示一个概念。第一个名词的作用像形容词,说明是什么类型 / 做什么用的;第二个名词才是中心词。
| 名词 1(什么类型?) | 名词 2(中心词) | 合起来 |
|---|---|---|
| bus | driver | a bus driver |
| phone | number | a phone number |
| city | centre | the city centre |
| apple | juice | apple juice |
| traffic | lights | traffic lights |
| birthday | party | a birthday party |
这一点和中文一样:中心词放在最后(“公交车司机”“市中心”“车钥匙”)。英语也是 a bus driver, the city centre, car keys——不要说成 “driver of bus”。
My uncle is a taxi driver.
我叔叔是出租车司机。
Can I have your phone number?
能告诉我你的电话号码吗?
Turn left at the traffic lights.
在红绿灯处左转。
两个名词调换位置,意思就变了:a flower garden 是花园(种满了花),而 a garden flower 是花(种在花园里的)。
2.第一个名词通常用单数
因为第一个名词的作用像形容词,所以即使意思是复数,它通常也不加 -s:卖鞋的店 → a shoe shop。
There's a new shoe shop near my house.
我家附近新开了一家鞋店。(不说:shoes shop)
I need a new toothbrush.
我需要一把新牙刷。
Where's the ticket office?
售票处在哪里?
- 例外:总是以 -s 结尾的名词保留 -s:a clothes shop, a sports car, a savings account
- 名词 1 可以是 -ing 形式(表示用途):a swimming pool, a washing machine, a waiting room
- 可以把两个以上的名词连在一起:a hotel reception desk, a table tennis ball
- 拼写没有明确规则:有的连写成一个词(toothbrush, bedroom, headache),有的分开写(bus stop, post office)。拿不准时,就分开写。
3.数字 + 名词:a ten-minute walk
数字 + 单位放在名词前面作修饰语时,单位用单数,并用连字符连接:a ten-minute walk, a two-hour meeting, a five-year-old boy, a three-day trip。
| 在动词后——用复数 | 在名词前——单数 + 连字符 |
|---|---|
| The walk takes ten minutes. | It's a ten-minute walk. |
| The meeting lasted two hours. | We had a two-hour meeting. |
| My son is five years old. | I have a five-year-old son. |
| The trip is three days long. | It's a three-day trip. |
My school is a fifteen-minute walk from home.
我学校离家步行十五分钟。(不说:fifteen-minutes)
We stayed in a four-star hotel.
我们住在一家四星级酒店。
She found a 50,000-dong note in her pocket.
她在口袋里发现了一张五万越南盾的钞票。
也可以用 -'s(见“-'s 还是 of”一课):a ten-minute walk = ten minutes' walk。
4.a coffee cup 还是 a cup of coffee?
名词 + 名词指物品本身 / 种类(专门用来装咖啡的杯子)。a … of … 指里面装的东西(装满咖啡的一杯)。
| 名词 + 名词:物品本身 | a … of …:里面装的东西 |
|---|---|
| a coffee cup | a cup of coffee |
| a water bottle | a bottle of water |
| a wine glass | a glass of wine |
| a matchbox | a box of matches |
| a toolbox | a box of tools |
I'd like a cup of tea, please.
请给我一杯茶。(你要的是茶)
Can you wash those coffee cups?
你能把那些咖啡杯洗一下吗?(指杯子本身)
Don't forget your water bottle.
别忘了带你的水壶。
5.常见错误
My father is a driver bus.My father is a bus driver.
中心词放在最后。
We live in the centre city.We live in the city centre.
中心词放在最后。
She works in a shoes shop.She works in a shoe shop.
第一个名词通常用单数。
It's a ten-minutes walk.It's a ten-minute walk.
在名词前,单位用单数。
I have a five-years-old daughter.I have a five-year-old daughter.
在名词前,year 不加 -s。
I'm thirsty. Can I have a coffee cup?I'm thirsty. Can I have a cup of coffee?
要喝的 → a cup of coffee;a coffee cup 是杯子。
例句
- We live a ten-minute walk from the market.
- My uncle is a bus driver. He drives the number 32.
- I'd like a cup of coffee, please. With milk, no sugar.
- Put your shoes on the shoe rack by the door.
