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第 83 课 · 第 7 阶段: 名词、冠词与限定词

名词 + 名词

中级

Noun + noun

构成与用法

a bus driver, a ten-minute walk, a coffee cup——用一个名词修饰另一个名词

1.结构

两个名词放在一起可以表示一个概念。第一个名词的作用像形容词,说明是什么类型 / 做什么用的;第二个名词才是中心词。

名词 1(什么类型?)名词 2(中心词)合起来
busdrivera bus driver
phonenumbera phone number
citycentrethe city centre
applejuiceapple juice
trafficlightstraffic lights
birthdaypartya birthday party

这一点和中文一样:中心词放在最后(“公交车司机”“市中心”“车钥匙”)。英语也是 a bus driver, the city centre, car keys——不要说成 “driver of bus”。

  • My uncle is a taxi driver.

    我叔叔是出租车司机。

  • Can I have your phone number?

    能告诉我你的电话号码吗?

  • Turn left at the traffic lights.

    在红绿灯处左转。

两个名词调换位置,意思就变了:a flower garden 是花园(种满了花),而 a garden flower 是花(种在花园里的)。

2.第一个名词通常用单数

因为第一个名词的作用像形容词,所以即使意思是复数,它通常也不加 -s:卖鞋的店 → a shoe shop。

  • There's a new shoe shop near my house.

    我家附近新开了一家鞋店。(不说:shoes shop)

  • I need a new toothbrush.

    我需要一把新牙刷。

  • Where's the ticket office?

    售票处在哪里?

  • 例外:总是以 -s 结尾的名词保留 -s:a clothes shop, a sports car, a savings account
  • 名词 1 可以是 -ing 形式(表示用途):a swimming pool, a washing machine, a waiting room
  • 可以把两个以上的名词连在一起:a hotel reception desk, a table tennis ball
  • 拼写没有明确规则:有的连写成一个词(toothbrush, bedroom, headache),有的分开写(bus stop, post office)。拿不准时,就分开写。

3.数字 + 名词:a ten-minute walk

数字 + 单位放在名词前面作修饰语时,单位用单数,并用连字符连接:a ten-minute walk, a two-hour meeting, a five-year-old boy, a three-day trip。

在动词后——用复数在名词前——单数 + 连字符
The walk takes ten minutes.It's a ten-minute walk.
The meeting lasted two hours.We had a two-hour meeting.
My son is five years old.I have a five-year-old son.
The trip is three days long.It's a three-day trip.
  • My school is a fifteen-minute walk from home.

    我学校离家步行十五分钟。(不说:fifteen-minutes)

  • We stayed in a four-star hotel.

    我们住在一家四星级酒店。

  • She found a 50,000-dong note in her pocket.

    她在口袋里发现了一张五万越南盾的钞票。

也可以用 -'s(见“-'s 还是 of”一课):a ten-minute walk = ten minutes' walk。

4.a coffee cup 还是 a cup of coffee?

名词 + 名词指物品本身 / 种类(专门用来装咖啡的杯子)。a … of … 指里面装的东西(装满咖啡的一杯)。

名词 + 名词:物品本身a … of …:里面装的东西
a coffee cupa cup of coffee
a water bottlea bottle of water
a wine glassa glass of wine
a matchboxa box of matches
a toolboxa box of tools
  • I'd like a cup of tea, please.

    请给我一杯茶。(你要的是茶)

  • Can you wash those coffee cups?

    你能把那些咖啡杯洗一下吗?(指杯子本身)

  • Don't forget your water bottle.

    别忘了带你的水壶。

5.常见错误

  • My father is a driver bus.

    My father is a bus driver.

    中心词放在最后。

  • We live in the centre city.

    We live in the city centre.

    中心词放在最后。

  • She works in a shoes shop.

    She works in a shoe shop.

    第一个名词通常用单数。

  • It's a ten-minutes walk.

    It's a ten-minute walk.

    在名词前,单位用单数。

  • I have a five-years-old daughter.

    I have a five-year-old daughter.

    在名词前,year 不加 -s。

  • I'm thirsty. Can I have a coffee cup?

    I'm thirsty. Can I have a cup of coffee?

    要喝的 → a cup of coffee;a coffee cup 是杯子。

例句

  • We live a ten-minute walk from the market.
  • My uncle is a bus driver. He drives the number 32.
  • I'd like a cup of coffee, please. With milk, no sugar.
  • Put your shoes on the shoe rack by the door.
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