第 84 课 · 第 7 阶段: 名词、冠词与限定词
-'s 还是 of
中级-'s or of
构成与用法
my sister's name, the end of the film, today's news——表示属于谁或属于什么
1.-'s 的写法
所有者 + 's + 所有物：Lan's bike。撇号放在哪里，取决于表示所有者的名词。
| 所有者 | 形式 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 单数 | + 's | my sister's room, the dog's bed |
| 以 -s 结尾的复数 | + ' | my sisters' room, my parents' house |
| 不以 -s 结尾的复数 | + 's | the children's toys, the women's team, people's opinions |
| 以 -s 结尾的名字 | + 's / + ' | James's car / James' car |
| 两人共同拥有 | 's 加在后一个名字上 | Lan and Minh's flat |
This is my sister's room.
这是我姐姐的房间。（一个姐姐）
This is my sisters' room.
这是我姐姐们的房间。（两个或更多姐姐）
I'm staying at my parents' house this weekend.
这个周末我住在我父母家。
The children's room is upstairs.
孩子们的房间在楼上。
意思清楚时，'s 后面可以不接名词，尤其是指某人的家或商店、诊所：at Lan's（在阿兰家）、at the doctor's、at the hairdresser's。
This isn't my phone. It's Minh's.
这不是我的手机，是阿明的。
We had dinner at Lan's last night.
我们昨晚在阿兰家吃的晚饭。
用 's 时，所有者放在前面，the 要去掉：Lan's bike（不说：the bike of Lan，也不说：the Lan's bike）。口语中 sister's、sisters 和 sisters' 读音相同——只有书面上才有区别。
2.人用 -'s，物用 of
's 主要用于人和动物。表示事物、概念以及某物的一部分（top, bottom, end, middle, back）时，通常用 the … of …。
| 人、动物：'s | 事物、事物的一部分：of |
|---|---|
| Nam's laptop | the top of the page |
| my teacher's name | the name of the street |
| the cat's tail | the end of the film |
| our boss's office | the back of the bus |
所有者是很长的短语时，用 of 更清楚：the son of the couple who live upstairs（避免说：the couple who live upstairs's son）。
What's your teacher's name?
你们老师叫什么名字？
Write your name at the top of the page.
把你的名字写在这一页的最上面。（不说：the page's top）
We sat at the back of the bus.
我们坐在公交车的后排。
3.机构和地方：两种都可以
公司、组织、城市、国家和 the world，用 's 和 of 都可以。's 更简短，在新闻中非常常见。
The company's profits rose last year. = The profits of the company rose last year.
公司的利润去年增长了。
Vietnam's economy is growing fast.
越南的经济正在快速增长。
Tokyo is one of the world's biggest cities.
东京是世界上最大的城市之一。
4.时间：today's news, a week's holiday
表示时间的词可以加 's：today's / yesterday's / tomorrow's、tonight's、this week's / next month's / last year's。用了 's 就不再用 the。
Have you read today's news?
你看今天的新闻了吗？（不说：the today's news）
Last night's match was amazing.
昨晚的比赛太精彩了。
Next week's meeting has been cancelled.
下周的会议已经取消了。
表示一段时间的长度（英式英语常用）：a week's holiday, two weeks' holiday, ten minutes' walk, in a year's time。意思和 a one-week holiday, a ten-minute walk 一样（见“名词 + 名词”一课）。
I'm taking two weeks' holiday in July.
我七月要休两周假。（weeks'——以 -s 结尾的复数只加 '）
The station is only five minutes' walk from here.
车站离这里只有五分钟的步行路程。
5.常见错误
I borrowed the laptop of Nam.I borrowed Nam's laptop.
所有者是人 → 用 's。
The students's bags are here.The students' bags are here.
以 -s 结尾的复数只加 '。
The womens' toilets are on the left.The women's toilets are on the left.
women 不以 -s 结尾 → 加 's。
My parent's house is near the river.My parents' house is near the river.
父母两个人（复数）→ parents'。
Meet me at the street's end.Meet me at the end of the street.
事物的一部分 → 用 of。
Did you watch the yesterday's match?Did you watch yesterday's match?
用了 's 就去掉 the。
例句
- This is my brother's car. He bought it last month.
- That's Lan's bike, not mine.
- Write your name at the top of the page.
- My parents live in Hue. My parents' house is near the river.
