“not only … but also”

not only A but (also) B 在第一點 A 之上再加上第二點 B——B 通常更強烈或更出人意料。A 和 B 可以是形容詞、名詞、動詞、介詞短語或完整的分句。

💡Not only 和 but 配對：not only … but (also) …——不說 “not only … and also”。中文說“不僅……而且……”，學習者容易把“而且”直接譯成 “and also”，這是常見錯誤。

not only 後面的部分和 but also 後面的部分應該是同一類成分，形式也相同：形容詞對形容詞，動詞對動詞且時態相同，to + 動詞對 to + 動詞。not only 要放在第一部分的正前方。

• Minh not only fixed my bike but also cleaned it.

  阿明不僅修好了我的腳踏車，還把它擦乾淨了。（fixed … cleaned：都是一般過去時）

• I enjoy not only cooking but also eating.

  我不僅喜歡做飯，也喜歡吃。

• She wants not only to travel but also to work abroad.

  她不僅想去旅行，還想去國外工作。

• I like not only tea but also coffee.

  我不僅喜歡茶，也喜歡咖啡。（not only 放在 tea 前面，與 coffee 對應）

在對話中，母語者有時會把 not only 放在不太對稱的位置（I not only like tea but also coffee），也沒人在意。但在寫作和考試中，只有對稱的版本才算正確。

為了加強語氣，可以把 Not only 移到句首。這時前半句要倒裝——助動詞放在主語前面，和疑問句一樣。後半句保持正常語序：but + 主語 + (助動詞) + also + 動詞。

💡借用 do / does / did 時，主動詞要恢復原形：Not only does he speak（不說：speaks），Not only did the shop cancel（不說：cancelled）。竅門：先把前半句寫成一般疑問句（Does he speak Thai?），再在前面加上 Not only。

倒裝形式更正式、更有戲劇性——常見於書面語、演講和新聞。日常對話中人們通常說得簡單些：He's not only clever — he's really kind too.

• also 的位置：簡略形式中緊跟在 but 後面（but also cheap）；在完整的分句中，also 放在主語後面——實義動詞之前，或助動詞 / be 之後：but she also coaches…，but it was also…，but she can also…。
• 可以省略 also：not only cheap but delicious。也可以換成句末的 as well / too。
• 非正式口語有時連 but 也省略：Not only is it cheap, it's also good for you.
• 連線兩個主語時，動詞與離它較近的那個（B）保持一致。
• 比較 both … and（見“Both / either / neither”一課）：both A and B 對兩點同等看待；not only A but also B 把重點放在 B 上。

• The soup is not only cheap but really tasty.

  這湯不僅便宜，而且真的很好喝。（省略了 also）

• Not only did he apologise, but he paid for the damage as well.

  他不僅道了歉，還賠償了損失。

• Not only the kids but also their dad was soaked.

  不僅孩子們，連他們的爸爸也溼透了。（動詞與 their dad 一致）

• Both the kids and their dad were soaked.

  孩子們和他們的爸爸都溼透了。（both … and → 複數）

• ✗The flat is not only small and also very dark.

  ✓The flat is not only small but also very dark.

  Not only 和 but (also) 配對，不和 and 配對。

• ✗Not only she is clever, but she is also hard-working.

  ✓Not only is she clever, but she is also hard-working.

  Not only 放在句首 → 助動詞倒裝。

• ✗Not only does he speaks Korean, but he also speaks Thai.

  ✓Not only does he speak Korean, but he also speaks Thai.

  does 後面用動詞原形。

• ✗Not only we visited Hue, but we also went to Hoi An.

  ✓Not only did we visit Hue, but we also went to Hoi An.

  一般過去時借用 did 來倒裝。

• ✗She not only sings but also dancing.

  ✓She not only sings but also dances.

  兩部分的形式必須一致。

• ✗He not only plays the guitar but also he sings.

  ✓He not only plays the guitar but also sings. / … but he also sings.

  but also 後面只放與前面對應的部分；如果要保留主語，就把 also 放在主語後面。