“not only … but also”

not only A but (also) B 在第一点 A 之上再加上第二点 B——B 通常更强烈或更出人意料。A 和 B 可以是形容词、名词、动词、介词短语或完整的分句。

💡Not only 和 but 配对：not only … but (also) …——不说 “not only … and also”。中文说“不仅……而且……”，学习者容易把“而且”直接译成 “and also”，这是常见错误。

not only 后面的部分和 but also 后面的部分应该是同一类成分，形式也相同：形容词对形容词，动词对动词且时态相同，to + 动词对 to + 动词。not only 要放在第一部分的正前方。

• Minh not only fixed my bike but also cleaned it.

  阿明不仅修好了我的自行车，还把它擦干净了。（fixed … cleaned：都是一般过去时）

• I enjoy not only cooking but also eating.

  我不仅喜欢做饭，也喜欢吃。

• She wants not only to travel but also to work abroad.

  她不仅想去旅行，还想去国外工作。

• I like not only tea but also coffee.

  我不仅喜欢茶，也喜欢咖啡。（not only 放在 tea 前面，与 coffee 对应）

在对话中，母语者有时会把 not only 放在不太对称的位置（I not only like tea but also coffee），也没人在意。但在写作和考试中，只有对称的版本才算正确。

为了加强语气，可以把 Not only 移到句首。这时前半句要倒装——助动词放在主语前面，和疑问句一样。后半句保持正常语序：but + 主语 + (助动词) + also + 动词。

💡借用 do / does / did 时，主动词要恢复原形：Not only does he speak（不说：speaks），Not only did the shop cancel（不说：cancelled）。窍门：先把前半句写成一般疑问句（Does he speak Thai?），再在前面加上 Not only。

倒装形式更正式、更有戏剧性——常见于书面语、演讲和新闻。日常对话中人们通常说得简单些：He's not only clever — he's really kind too.

• also 的位置：简略形式中紧跟在 but 后面（but also cheap）；在完整的分句中，also 放在主语后面——实义动词之前，或助动词 / be 之后：but she also coaches…，but it was also…，but she can also…。
• 可以省略 also：not only cheap but delicious。也可以换成句末的 as well / too。
• 非正式口语有时连 but 也省略：Not only is it cheap, it's also good for you.
• 连接两个主语时，动词与离它较近的那个（B）保持一致。
• 比较 both … and（见“Both / either / neither”一课）：both A and B 对两点同等看待；not only A but also B 把重点放在 B 上。

• The soup is not only cheap but really tasty.

  这汤不仅便宜，而且真的很好喝。（省略了 also）

• Not only did he apologise, but he paid for the damage as well.

  他不仅道了歉，还赔偿了损失。

• Not only the kids but also their dad was soaked.

  不仅孩子们，连他们的爸爸也湿透了。（动词与 their dad 一致）

• Both the kids and their dad were soaked.

  孩子们和他们的爸爸都湿透了。（both … and → 复数）

• ✗The flat is not only small and also very dark.

  ✓The flat is not only small but also very dark.

  Not only 和 but (also) 配对，不和 and 配对。

• ✗Not only she is clever, but she is also hard-working.

  ✓Not only is she clever, but she is also hard-working.

  Not only 放在句首 → 助动词倒装。

• ✗Not only does he speaks Korean, but he also speaks Thai.

  ✓Not only does he speak Korean, but he also speaks Thai.

  does 后面用动词原形。

• ✗Not only we visited Hue, but we also went to Hoi An.

  ✓Not only did we visit Hue, but we also went to Hoi An.

  一般过去时借用 did 来倒装。

• ✗She not only sings but also dancing.

  ✓She not only sings but also dances.

  两部分的形式必须一致。

• ✗He not only plays the guitar but also he sings.

  ✓He not only plays the guitar but also sings. / … but he also sings.

  but also 后面只放与前面对应的部分；如果要保留主语，就把 also 放在主语后面。