第 116 课 · 第 10 阶段: 高级结构
“the more …, the more …”
高级“The more …, the more …”
构成与用法
the + 比较级, the + 比较级 — 两者一起变化
1.形式
这个句型把两个同步发生的变化联系起来:The + 比较级 + 主语 + 动词, the + 比较级 + 主语 + 动词。前后两半都以 the 开头,中间通常有逗号。
| the 后面接…… | 前半句 | 后半句 |
|---|---|---|
| 短形容词 / 副词 + -er | The older I get, | the calmer I feel. |
| more / less + 长形容词 | The more popular a restaurant is, | the longer you wait. |
| more / less / fewer + 名词 | The more friends you invite, | the more food we'll need. |
| 单独的 more / less | The more I listen to this song, | the less I like it. |
| 不规则比较级 | The further you live from work, | the earlier you have to get up. |
中文用“越……越……”,没有冠词,所以学习者常常漏掉 the,尤其是前半句(“More you sleep, the better…”)。记住:两半句 = 两个 the。
2.什么时候用
1. 两件事朝同一个方向变化
The more you practise, the easier it gets.
练得越多,就越容易。
The longer we waited, the angrier the customers got.
我们等得越久,顾客就越生气。
2. 两件事朝相反方向变化——其中一半用 less / fewer
The less you spend now, the more you'll have for the trip.
现在花得越少,旅行时你的钱就越多。
The more time kids spend on screens, the fewer books they read.
孩子们看屏幕的时间越多,读的书就越少。
3. 简略形式——省略 be 动词,或者在意思清楚时只保留两个比较级
The bigger the room, the higher the rent.
房间越大,房租越高。(= the bigger the room is, the higher the rent is)
When do you need it? — The sooner the better.
你什么时候要?——越快越好。
Can I bring my cousin? — Sure, the more the merrier!
我能带我表弟来吗?——当然,人越多越热闹!
3.语序和时态
- 整个比较级短语——包括与它搭配的形容词或名词——都要紧跟在 the 后面,放在半句的开头:the more comfortable I feel(不说:the more I feel comfortable),the more mistakes I make。
- 短形容词加 -er,不用 more:the harder、the cheaper、the busier(不说:the more hard)。不规则形式:good → better,bad → worse,far → further / farther,much / many → more,little → less。见“比较级”一课。
- 用比较级,不用最高级:the more…,不说 the most…。
- 说将来时,前半句用一般现在时,后半句用 will——和 if 句子一样:The more you practise, the better you'll speak(不说:the more you will practise)。
- 有 be 动词时,保持 主语 + be 的顺序,或者干脆省略 be:the more expensive the ticket (is)。现代日常英语中,不要倒过来说成 “the more expensive is the ticket”。
The more tired I get, the more mistakes I make.
我越累,犯的错就越多。
The more you practise, the better you'll speak.
你练得越多,就说得越好。(前半句:一般现在时)
The more I got to know her, the more I liked her.
我越了解她,就越喜欢她。(讲过去的事:两半都用过去时)
4.和 “more and more” 不一样
比较级 + and + 比较级(busier and busier、more and more expensive)描述一件事随时间一点点变化。The …, the … 联系的是两件事:一件变了,另一件也跟着变。
Hanoi is getting busier and busier.
河内变得越来越繁忙。
More and more people are working from home.
越来越多的人在家办公。
The busier Hanoi gets, the more I miss my quiet hometown.
河内越繁忙,我就越想念我那安静的家乡。
问问自己有几件事在变化。一件事随时间变化 → -er and -er / more and more(越来越……)。两件事,一件的变化引起另一件的变化 → the …, the …(越……越……)。
5.常见错误
More you sleep, the better you feel.The more you sleep, the better you feel.
前半句也需要 the。
The more I study, the more better I understand.The more I study, the better I understand.
better 本身就是比较级——不要再加 more。
The longer I live here, the more I feel comfortable.The longer I live here, the more comfortable I feel.
形容词跟着 the more 放在前面。
The more hard you work, the more you earn.The harder you work, the more you earn.
hard 是短形容词,所以变成 harder。
The most I travel, the more I learn about myself.The more I travel, the more I learn about myself.
用比较级,不用最高级。
The more you will practise, the better you will speak.The more you practise, the better you'll speak.
前半句用一般现在时表示将来。
例句
- The more you read, the better your English gets.
- The harder you work, the luckier you get.
- The faster you drive, the more petrol you use.
- The earlier we leave, the less traffic there will be.
