第 116 課 · 第 10 階段: 高階結構
“the more …, the more …”
高階“The more …, the more …”
構成與用法
the + 比較級, the + 比較級 — 兩者一起變化
1.形式
這個句型把兩個同步發生的變化聯絡起來:The + 比較級 + 主語 + 動詞, the + 比較級 + 主語 + 動詞。前後兩半都以 the 開頭,中間通常有逗號。
| the 後面接…… | 前半句 | 後半句 |
|---|---|---|
| 短形容詞 / 副詞 + -er | The older I get, | the calmer I feel. |
| more / less + 長形容詞 | The more popular a restaurant is, | the longer you wait. |
| more / less / fewer + 名詞 | The more friends you invite, | the more food we'll need. |
| 單獨的 more / less | The more I listen to this song, | the less I like it. |
| 不規則比較級 | The further you live from work, | the earlier you have to get up. |
中文用“越……越……”,沒有冠詞,所以學習者常常漏掉 the,尤其是前半句(“More you sleep, the better…”)。記住:兩半句 = 兩個 the。
2.什麼時候用
1. 兩件事朝同一個方向變化
The more you practise, the easier it gets.
練得越多,就越容易。
The longer we waited, the angrier the customers got.
我們等得越久,顧客就越生氣。
2. 兩件事朝相反方向變化——其中一半用 less / fewer
The less you spend now, the more you'll have for the trip.
現在花得越少,旅行時你的錢就越多。
The more time kids spend on screens, the fewer books they read.
孩子們看螢幕的時間越多,讀的書就越少。
3. 簡略形式——省略 be 動詞,或者在意思清楚時只保留兩個比較級
The bigger the room, the higher the rent.
房間越大,房租越高。(= the bigger the room is, the higher the rent is)
When do you need it? — The sooner the better.
你什麼時候要?——越快越好。
Can I bring my cousin? — Sure, the more the merrier!
我能帶我表弟來嗎?——當然,人越多越熱鬧!
3.語序和時態
- 整個比較級短語——包括與它搭配的形容詞或名詞——都要緊跟在 the 後面,放在半句的開頭:the more comfortable I feel(不說:the more I feel comfortable),the more mistakes I make。
- 短形容詞加 -er,不用 more:the harder、the cheaper、the busier(不說:the more hard)。不規則形式:good → better,bad → worse,far → further / farther,much / many → more,little → less。見“比較級”一課。
- 用比較級,不用最高階:the more…,不說 the most…。
- 說將來時,前半句用一般現在時,後半句用 will——和 if 句子一樣:The more you practise, the better you'll speak(不說:the more you will practise)。
- 有 be 動詞時,保持 主語 + be 的順序,或者乾脆省略 be:the more expensive the ticket (is)。現代日常英語中,不要倒過來說成 “the more expensive is the ticket”。
The more tired I get, the more mistakes I make.
我越累,犯的錯就越多。
The more you practise, the better you'll speak.
你練得越多,就說得越好。(前半句:一般現在時)
The more I got to know her, the more I liked her.
我越瞭解她,就越喜歡她。(講過去的事:兩半都用過去時)
4.和 “more and more” 不一樣
比較級 + and + 比較級(busier and busier、more and more expensive)描述一件事隨時間一點點變化。The …, the … 聯絡的是兩件事:一件變了,另一件也跟著變。
Hanoi is getting busier and busier.
河內變得越來越繁忙。
More and more people are working from home.
越來越多的人在家辦公。
The busier Hanoi gets, the more I miss my quiet hometown.
河內越繁忙,我就越想念我那安靜的家鄉。
問問自己有幾件事在變化。一件事隨時間變化 → -er and -er / more and more(越來越……)。兩件事,一件的變化引起另一件的變化 → the …, the …(越……越……)。
5.常見錯誤
More you sleep, the better you feel.The more you sleep, the better you feel.
前半句也需要 the。
The more I study, the more better I understand.The more I study, the better I understand.
better 本身就是比較級——不要再加 more。
The longer I live here, the more I feel comfortable.The longer I live here, the more comfortable I feel.
形容詞跟著 the more 放在前面。
The more hard you work, the more you earn.The harder you work, the more you earn.
hard 是短形容詞,所以變成 harder。
The most I travel, the more I learn about myself.The more I travel, the more I learn about myself.
用比較級,不用最高階。
The more you will practise, the better you will speak.The more you practise, the better you'll speak.
前半句用一般現在時表示將來。
例句
- The more you read, the better your English gets.
- The harder you work, the luckier you get.
- The faster you drive, the more petrol you use.
- The earlier we leave, the less traffic there will be.
