將來完成時

將來完成時 = will have + 過去分詞 (V3)，所有主語都一樣——永遠是 will have，he / she / it 也一樣。

💡語速快時，will have 會變成 'll have，have 讀得很弱，幾乎像 “I'll've finished”。聽的時候注意後面的過去分詞（finished、gone、left）——那就是將來完成時的標誌。

1. 在將來某一時刻之前（或到那時為止）會完成的事——常和 by + 時間、by the time + 從句、before 連用

• Don't worry — I'll have sent you the file by lunchtime.

  別擔心——午飯前我一定把檔案發給你。

• By the time we get to the station, the last train will have left.

  等我們到車站，末班車早就開走了。

• Call me after eight. I won't have finished work before then.

  八點以後給我打電話吧，在那之前我還下不了班。

2. 計算到將來某一時刻為止的時長或數量——will have + V3 + for…

• Next June, Lan will have worked here for five years.

  到明年六月，阿蘭在這裡工作就滿五年了。

• By the end of this course, you will have learned over 500 new words.

  到這門課結束時，你將學會 500 多個新單詞。

• In December, my parents will have been married for thirty years.

  到十二月，我爸媽結婚就滿三十年了。

要強調持續的活動，可以用 will have been + -ing（將來完成進行時）：By six, I'll have been driving for ten hours.

3. 猜測某事很可能已經發生了——說的是現在或過去，不是將來

• It's ten o'clock. Mai will have arrived in Hanoi by now.

  現在十點了，阿梅這會兒應該已經到河內了。

• You'll have heard the news, I suppose.

  我想你應該已經聽說這個訊息了吧。

💡對還沒發生的事，不要用一般過去時（I finished it by Friday）。有將來某一時刻、意思是“到那時就已經做完了”時，就想到 will have + V3。（I'll finish it by Friday 也對——只是說你會做什麼；I'll have finished it by Friday 強調到那一刻事情已經完成。）

• by + 時間 = 不晚於那個時間，常和 will have + V3 連用：I'll have finished by Friday。
• by the time + 一般現在時 = 在……之前：By the time you wake up, I'll have left（不說：will wake up）——見“表將來的時間狀語從句”一課。
• until = 一直持續到那個時間，用於持續性的動作：I'll be working until six（不說：I'll have finished until six）——見“By 與 until”一課。

Will be -ing 還是 will have + V3？ 在那一時刻，如果動作正在進行 → will be -ing；如果已經完成 → will have + V3。

• At seven, I'll be cooking dinner, so don't call.

  七點我正在做晚飯，所以別打電話。（正在進行）

• By eight, I'll have eaten, so we can talk then.

  八點前我就吃完了，那時我們可以聊。（已經完成）

• ✗By next week, I will finished the course.

  ✓By next week, I will have finished the course.

  缺了 have。

• ✗The party will have finish by then.

  ✓The party will have finished by then.

  will have 後面用 V3。

• ✗Nga will has saved enough money by June.

  ✓Nga will have saved enough money by June.

  will 後面永遠是 have，主語是 he / she 也一樣。

• ✗By the time we will arrive, they will have eaten.

  ✓By the time we arrive, they will have eaten.

  by the time 後面 → 一般現在時。

• ✗I'll have finished the essay until Friday.

  ✓I'll have finished the essay by Friday.

  截止時間 → by；until 表示一直持續到。

• ✗Next year I will work here for six years.

  ✓Next year I will have worked here for six years.

  計算到將來某一時刻為止的時間 → will have + V3。