将来完成时

将来完成时 = will have + 过去分词 (V3)，所有主语都一样——永远是 will have，he / she / it 也一样。

💡语速快时，will have 会变成 'll have，have 读得很弱，几乎像 “I'll've finished”。听的时候注意后面的过去分词（finished、gone、left）——那就是将来完成时的标志。

1. 在将来某一时刻之前（或到那时为止）会完成的事——常和 by + 时间、by the time + 从句、before 连用

• Don't worry — I'll have sent you the file by lunchtime.

  别担心——午饭前我一定把文件发给你。

• By the time we get to the station, the last train will have left.

  等我们到车站，末班车早就开走了。

• Call me after eight. I won't have finished work before then.

  八点以后给我打电话吧，在那之前我还下不了班。

2. 计算到将来某一时刻为止的时长或数量——will have + V3 + for…

• Next June, Lan will have worked here for five years.

  到明年六月，阿兰在这里工作就满五年了。

• By the end of this course, you will have learned over 500 new words.

  到这门课结束时，你将学会 500 多个新单词。

• In December, my parents will have been married for thirty years.

  到十二月，我爸妈结婚就满三十年了。

要强调持续的活动，可以用 will have been + -ing（将来完成进行时）：By six, I'll have been driving for ten hours.

3. 猜测某事很可能已经发生了——说的是现在或过去，不是将来

• It's ten o'clock. Mai will have arrived in Hanoi by now.

  现在十点了，阿梅这会儿应该已经到河内了。

• You'll have heard the news, I suppose.

  我想你应该已经听说这个消息了吧。

💡对还没发生的事，不要用一般过去时（I finished it by Friday）。有将来某一时刻、意思是“到那时就已经做完了”时，就想到 will have + V3。（I'll finish it by Friday 也对——只是说你会做什么；I'll have finished it by Friday 强调到那一刻事情已经完成。）

• by + 时间 = 不晚于那个时间，常和 will have + V3 连用：I'll have finished by Friday。
• by the time + 一般现在时 = 在……之前：By the time you wake up, I'll have left（不说：will wake up）——见“表将来的时间状语从句”一课。
• until = 一直持续到那个时间，用于持续性的动作：I'll be working until six（不说：I'll have finished until six）——见“By 与 until”一课。

Will be -ing 还是 will have + V3？ 在那一时刻，如果动作正在进行 → will be -ing；如果已经完成 → will have + V3。

• At seven, I'll be cooking dinner, so don't call.

  七点我正在做晚饭，所以别打电话。（正在进行）

• By eight, I'll have eaten, so we can talk then.

  八点前我就吃完了，那时我们可以聊。（已经完成）

• ✗By next week, I will finished the course.

  ✓By next week, I will have finished the course.

  缺了 have。

• ✗The party will have finish by then.

  ✓The party will have finished by then.

  will have 后面用 V3。

• ✗Nga will has saved enough money by June.

  ✓Nga will have saved enough money by June.

  will 后面永远是 have，主语是 he / she 也一样。

• ✗By the time we will arrive, they will have eaten.

  ✓By the time we arrive, they will have eaten.

  by the time 后面 → 一般现在时。

• ✗I'll have finished the essay until Friday.

  ✓I'll have finished the essay by Friday.

  截止时间 → by；until 表示一直持续到。

• ✗Next year I will work here for six years.

  ✓Next year I will have worked here for six years.

  计算到将来某一时刻为止的时间 → will have + V3。