全部语法课

第 56 课 · 第 4 阶段: 时态与情态动词

表将来的时间状语从句

中级

Future time clauses

构成与用法

when / as soon as / until + 一般现在时,… will — 这些词后用现在时表示将来

1.句型

说将来的两件事时,句子通常分两部分:一个主句(用 will、be going to、祈使句…)和一个由 when、as soon as、until、before、after… 引导的时间状语从句。关键规则:时间状语从句用现在时,尽管意思是将来。

主句连接词 + 时间状语从句(现在时)
I'll call youwhen I get home.
We're going to leaveas soon as the rain stops.
Please wait hereuntil I come back.
Let's buy some snacksbefore the film starts.
She'll feel betterafter she gets some rest.

两部分可以调换位置。时间状语从句放在前面时要加逗号;放在后面时一般不需要。

  • When I get home, I'll call you.

    等我到家了,就给你打电话。(时间状语从句在前——加逗号)

  • I'll call you when I get home.

    我到家后给你打电话。(时间状语从句在后——不加逗号)

中文说“我到家的时候会给你打电话”,“会”很容易被带到 when 后面,于是说成 “when I will get home”。英语里将来形式只放在主句中;when / as soon as / until… 引导的部分保持一般现在时:when I get home。

2.常用连接词

词意思例句
when当……的时候I'll tell her when I see her.
as soon as一……就……Text me as soon as you land.
after在……之后We'll go for a walk after we eat.
before在……之前Turn off the lights before you leave.
until / till直到……为止I'll stay here until you're ready.
while在……期间,趁……I'll cook while you set the table.
once一旦,……之后Once you try it, you'll love it.
by the time不晚于……的时候,等到……时By the time we get there, the shop will be closed.

not … until 表示主句的动作要等另一件事发生后才会发生——不会在那之前。

  • I won't buy a new phone until this one stops working.

    这部手机不坏,我是不会买新的。

  • Don't open the oven until the cake is ready.

    蛋糕烤好之前不要打开烤箱。

3.连接词后面用现在完成时和现在进行时

在 when、after、as soon as、until… 后面,可以用现在完成时(have/has + V3)表示第一个动作在第二个动作开始前已经完全结束。表示那时正在进行的事,用现在进行时。只是不要用 will。

  • I'll lend you this book when I've finished it.

    这本书我看完了就借给你。(先看完,再借)

  • When I see Minh, I'll give him your message.

    我见到阿明时会把你的话带给他。(两件事差不多同时发生)

  • You can watch TV after you've done your homework.

    做完作业以后你可以看电视。

  • I'll read a book while I'm waiting for you.

    等你的时候我会看看书。(现在进行时)

用 after 和 as soon as 时,一般现在时和现在完成时通常意思相同:after I finish = after I've finished。用 when 时,两种形式的意思可能不同,就像上面的例句那样。

4.When 还是 if?

两者都用现在时表示将来,但意思不同:when = 你确定这件事会发生,只是时间问题;if = 它可能发生,也可能不发生。另见“条件句”一课。

  • I'll call you when I get to the hotel.

    我到酒店后给你打电话。(我肯定会到)

  • I'll call you if I get lost.

    要是我迷路了,就给你打电话。(我可能迷路,也可能不会)

  • When the shop opens, I'll buy some bread.

    商店一开门,我就去买面包。(商店肯定会开门)

  • If the shop is still open, I'll buy some bread.

    要是商店还开着,我就买点面包。(我不确定它还开着)

要在 when 和 if 之间做选择,先问自己:我确定这件事会发生吗?“I'll let you know when I get the results”(结果一定会出来)。“Call me if there's a problem”(可能不会有问题)。

5.When 后面仍然用 will 的情况

上面的规则只适用于时间状语从句。如果 when 引导的是疑问句,或者 when 从句是动词的宾语(在 know、ask、tell me、wonder… 后面),意思是“什么时候”,就照常用 will。

  • When will you be back?

    你什么时候回来?(疑问句——用 will)

  • I don't know when she'll arrive.

    我不知道她什么时候到。(know 的宾语——用 will)

  • Tell me when you arrive.

    你到了告诉我一声。(时间状语从句——用现在时)

  • Tell me when you'll arrive.

    告诉我你几点到。(问什么时间——用 will)

6.常见错误

  • I'll call you when I will arrive.

    I'll call you when I arrive.

    时间状语从句用现在时,不用 will。

  • As soon as she will finish, we'll leave.

    As soon as she finishes, we'll leave.

    as soon as 后面用一般现在时。

  • We won't start until he will come.

    We won't start until he comes.

    until 后面用一般现在时。

  • When he get home, I'll tell him.

    When he gets home, I'll tell him.

    这里仍然是一般现在时,所以 he/she/it 要加 -s。

  • After I'll finish work, I'm going to the gym.

    After I finish work, I'm going to the gym.

    不管主句是什么,after 从句都保持现在时。

  • I'll lend you the book when I will have read it.

    I'll lend you the book when I've read it.

    要表示“已经完成”,用现在完成时,不用 will have。

例句

  • I'll send you the photos when I get home.
  • As soon as the rain stops, we'll go out.
  • I'll wait here until you come back.
  • I'll text you as soon as I land in Đà Nẵng.
AI 正在听...•App Store 和 Google Play 评分 4.7/5

和 AI 说英语 全天 24 小时

立即下载应用 — 实时发音评分、自然对话、像真人老师一样纠正。

AI 发音评分即时反馈自然对话