第 25 課 · 第 2 階段: 常用詞：代詞、冠詞、介詞
連線詞：and / but / or / so / because
初級Linking words: and / but / or / so / because
構成與用法
and 表示補充，but 表示轉折，or 表示選擇，so 表示結果，because 表示原因
1.五個基本連詞
這些詞用來連線兩個單詞、兩個短語或兩個分句（句子的兩個部分）。每個詞表示兩部分之間的一種不同關係。
| 連詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| and | 補充資訊 | I had pho and my sister had bun cha. |
| but | 轉折、對比 | The room is small but clean. |
| or | 選擇 | Do you want tea or coffee? |
| so | 結果 | It was late, so we took a taxi. |
| because | 原因 | We took a taxi because it was late. |
2.每個詞的用法
1. And——連線兩個相似的意思，補充資訊
Lan plays the guitar and sings.
阿蘭會彈吉他，也會唱歌。
I got up, had a shower and went to work.
我起床、洗了個澡，然後去上班。（列舉：用逗號隔開，最後一項前加 and）
2. But——兩個相反的意思，或者出乎意料的事
The food was cheap but delicious.
飯菜很便宜，但很好吃。
I called him twice, but he didn't answer.
我給他打了兩次電話，但他沒接。
3. Or——表示選擇；在否定句裡連線兩個都被否定的事物；在指令後面表示“不然……”
Shall we eat in or go out?
我們在家吃還是出去吃？
I don't eat meat or fish.
我不吃肉，也不吃魚。（否定句中用 or）
Put on a jacket, or you'll catch a cold.
穿上外套，不然你會感冒的。（or = 不然）
4. So——放在結果前面
My phone died, so I couldn't call you.
我的手機沒電了，所以沒法給你打電話。
It's going to rain, so take an umbrella.
要下雨了，所以帶把傘吧。
5. Because——放在原因前面，回答 Why? 這個問題
I couldn't call you because my phone died.
我沒法給你打電話，因為我的手機沒電了。
Why are you laughing? — Because this video is so funny!
你笑什麼？——因為這個影片太搞笑了！
3.So 還是 because？
同一件事可以用兩種方式說：原因 + so + 結果，或者 結果 + because + 原因。用錯了詞，意思就錯了。
It was very hot, so we went to the beach.
天很熱，所以我們去了海邊。
We went to the beach because it was very hot.
我們去了海邊，因為天很熱。
中文常說“因為……所以……”，一句話裡兩個詞都用，但英語只用一個：Because I was sick, I stayed in bed. 或 I was sick, so I stayed in bed. 不要說 “Because I was sick, so I stayed in bed”。
4.逗號和位置
- so 前面通常有逗號：It was late, so we went home.
- but 連線兩個較長的分句時，前面常加逗號；連線兩個簡短的詞時，不加逗號：small but clean.
- Because 在句子中間時通常不用逗號。如果 because 放在句首，就在原因後面加逗號：Because it was late, we went home.
- 兩部分的主語相同時，and / but / or 後面的第二個主語可以省略：She lives in Hue and works in Da Nang.
- 在書面語中，單獨一句 “Because I was tired.” 不是完整的句子。但在對話中，用 Because… 回答 Why? 是完全自然的。
- 用 And / But / So 開頭在口語和非正式書面語中很常見；正式書面語中要少用。
5.時間連詞：when, before, after, until
這些詞按時間把兩個動作連起來：哪個先發生，哪個後發生，或者同時發生。
| 連詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| when | 在……的時候 | My dog barks when someone rings the bell. |
| before | 在……之前 | Wash your hands before you eat. |
| after | 在……之後 | I'll call you after I finish work. |
| until | 直到……為止 | Stay in bed until you feel better. |
We left before the film ended.
電影還沒結束我們就走了。
After I graduated, I moved to Saigon.
畢業後，我搬到了西貢。（時間連詞放在句首 → 加逗號）
Don't open your presents until everyone arrives.
等所有人都到了再拆禮物。
談論將來時，when / before / after / until 後面用一般現在時，不用 will：I'll call you when I get home（不說：when I will get）。見“表將來的時間狀語從句”一課。
6.常見錯誤
I was tired, because I went to bed early.I was tired, so I went to bed early.
第二部分是結果 → 用 so。
He missed the bus so he got up late.He missed the bus because he got up late.
第二部分是原因 → 用 because。
Do you want rice but noodles?Do you want rice or noodles?
表示選擇 → 用 or。
Because it rained, so we stayed in.Because it rained, we stayed in. / It rained, so we stayed in.
because 和 so 只能用一個，不能兩個都用。
I'll tell you when I will know.I'll tell you when I know.
表示將來時，when 後面用一般現在時。
例句
- I like tea, but my husband prefers coffee.
- Is your new teacher a man or a woman?
- It was raining, so we stayed at home.
- We stayed at home because it was raining.
