第 26 課 · 第 3 階段: 計劃、請求與比較
現在進行時表將來安排
初級Present continuous for future plans
構成與用法
am/is/are + -ing + 將來時間 — 已經安排好的事
1.形式
形式和現在進行時完全一樣：am / is / are + 動詞 -ing。區別在於句子裡有一個將來的時間（或者從語境中能明顯看出來）：tonight、tomorrow、on Friday、next week…
| 例句 | |
|---|---|
| 肯定式 | I'm meeting Lan after work tomorrow. |
| 否定式 | We aren't working on Saturday. |
| 疑問式 | Are you doing anything tonight? |
| 特殊疑問句 | What time is your sister arriving? |
| 簡略回答 | Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. |
中文只要加上“明天”“下週”這樣的時間詞，句子就表示將來，動詞不用變。但英語談個人計劃時不能這樣——“I meet Lan tomorrow” 聽起來像在唸時刻表。如果事情已經安排好了，要說 I'm meeting Lan tomorrow。
2.什麼時候用
1. 已經安排好的個人計劃——你已經決定並做好了安排：和別人約好了時間、訂了票或訂了位、記在了日程表裡
I'm having dinner with my parents on Sunday.
星期天我要和父母一起吃晚飯。
Minh is flying to Da Nang on Friday. He booked the ticket last week.
阿明星期五飛峴港。他上週就訂好了機票。
We're having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
我們星期六要開派對。你能來嗎？
2. 詢問別人的計劃——What are you doing…? Are you coming…?
What are you doing this weekend?
你這個週末打算做什麼？
Are you coming to Hoa's birthday party tomorrow?
你明天會來參加阿花的生日派對嗎？
3. 馬上就要做的事——尤其是 go、come、leave，在剛要開始的時候
I'm going to bed now. Good night!
我現在去睡覺了。晚安！
Wait for me — I'm coming!
等等我——我這就來！（不說：I come）
3.需要一個將來的時間
因為它和“此刻正在做”的形式一樣，聽話人要靠時間短語或語境來判斷你說的是現在還是將來。
I'm playing badminton.
我在打羽毛球。（此刻）
I'm playing badminton after work.
下班後我要去打羽毛球。（已安排好的計劃）
- 今天稍後：tonight, this afternoon, at 7 o'clock, after work, later
- 接下來幾天：tomorrow, on Friday, this weekend, the day after tomorrow
- 更遠的將來：next week, next month, in July, in the summer
4.和其他表示將來的方式比較
英語有好幾種談論將來的方式。下表總結了這個階段最常遇到的四種，每一種都有單獨的一課。
| 形式 | 用途 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| am/is/are + -ing | 已經安排好的計劃（約好了時間、買了票、訂了位） | I'm seeing the dentist at 3. |
| be going to + V | 已經決定要做的事；根據眼前跡象做出的預測 | I'm going to find a new dentist. |
| will + V | 說話時臨時做的決定；承諾；對將來的看法 | My tooth hurts. I'll call the dentist. |
| 一般現在時 | 時刻表和固定日程 | The clinic opens at 8. |
談個人計劃時，現在進行時和 going to 常常都可以用。現在進行時強調事情已經安排好；going to 強調說話人的打算。
We're getting married in May.
我們五月結婚。（日子已經定了）
We're going to get married next year.
我們打算明年結婚。（已經決定，但還沒安排）
有兩點要注意：沒人能安排的事情，比如天氣，不用現在進行時（It's going to rain tomorrow——不說 It's raining tomorrow）；問別人的計劃時，What are you doing tonight? 比 What will you do tonight? 自然得多。
5.常見錯誤
I meet my friends at the cinema tonight.I'm meeting my friends at the cinema tonight.
已經安排好的計劃 → 用現在進行時。
Are you come to my party on Sunday?Are you coming to my party on Sunday?
be 後面要接動詞 -ing。
We having a barbecue on Saturday.We're having a barbecue on Saturday.
缺少 be。
What do you do tonight?What are you doing tonight?
What do you do? 是問別人的職業。
It's raining tomorrow.It's going to rain tomorrow.
天氣沒人能安排 → 用 going to / will。
例句
- I can't come to the party. I am visiting my grandparents in Huế this weekend.
- Are you doing anything tonight? — No, nothing. Why?
- We are having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
- Lan is taking her parents to the airport tomorrow evening.
