第 63 課 · 第 5 階段: 被動、轉述與疑問
用 “get” 的被動語態
中級Passive with “get”
構成與用法
get + V3 — got fired, get paid：某事發生在某人身上
1.形式
口語中可以用 get + V3 代替 be + V3。Get 是普通動詞，所以和其他動詞一樣變化：get / gets / got，否定句和疑問句要用 do / does / did。
| get + V3 | be + V3 | |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | He got fired. | He was fired. |
| 否定句 | He didn't get fired. | He wasn't fired. |
| 疑問句 | Did he get fired? | Was he fired? |
| 一般現在時 | We get paid on Fridays. | We are paid on Fridays. |
| 現在進行時 | The bridge is getting repaired. | The bridge is being repaired. |
| 將來時 | You'll get hurt. | You'll be hurt. |
| 現在完成時 | She's got promoted. / She's gotten promoted.（美式英語） | She's been promoted. |
| 在 to / -ing 後面 | I don't want to get caught. / Nobody likes getting ignored. | I don't want to be caught. / Nobody likes being ignored. |
不要把 be 和 get 一起用：“I was got hurt” 是錯的。二選一：I got hurt 或 I was hurt。
2.什麼時候用
1. 某人或某物遭遇了某事，往往是突然的或不愉快的
My phone got damaged in the rain.
我的手機被雨淋壞了。
Be careful with that knife, or you'll get hurt.
小心那把刀，不然你會受傷的。
Our neighbours got robbed last weekend.
我們的鄰居上週末被搶了。
2. 某人得到的變化或結果 —— 也可以是好事
Lan got promoted last month.
阿蘭上個月升職了。
Do you get paid every month or every week?
你是按月還是按周領工資？
I got invited to Mai's party tonight.
我被邀請參加阿梅今晚的派對。
3. 非正式的口語 —— 正式書面語、通知和報告中用 be + V3
My wallet got stolen at the market.
我的錢包在市場被偷了。（口語，跟朋友講）
Several items were stolen from the building.
該建築內有數件物品被盜。（新聞報道——正式）
Get + V3 不只用於壞訊息：get fired 和 get fined 是不愉快的事，但 get paid、get promoted 和 get invited 都是好事。
3.用 get 還是 be？
- Get 只用於動作和變化——不用於狀態：This house is owned by my aunt（不說：gets owned）。
- Get 常常暗示事情出乎意料，或者主語自己也有一部分責任：He got caught cheating in the exam.
- 正式的、客觀的或官方的資訊，用 be 更自然：The museum was built in the 19th century.
If you park here, you'll get fined.
如果你在這裡停車，會被罰款的。
Visitors who park here will be fined.
在此停車的訪客將被罰款。（告示——正式）
Two people got injured in the crash.
兩人在車禍中受傷。
4.別和 get + 形容詞、get something done 混淆
- get + 形容詞 = 變得：get tired, get angry, get cold, get better。有些 V3 在固定搭配中像形容詞一樣用：get married, get dressed, get lost, get bored, get worried, get changed。
- get + 物 + V3 = 別人替你做某事：I got my car washed —— 見“have something done”一課。
They got married in Da Nang last year.
他們去年在峴港結婚了。
I got lost on my way to the hotel.
我在去酒店的路上迷路了。
I got cut on some broken glass. / I got my hair cut.
我被碎玻璃劃傷了。/ 我去剪了頭髮。（get + V3 與 get + 物 + V3 的區別）
5.常見錯誤
He got fire because he was always late.He got fired because he was always late.
get 後面用 V3。
I was got hurt while I was playing football.I got hurt while I was playing football.
不要把 be 和 get 一起用。
Our neighbours got robbing last weekend.Our neighbours got robbed last weekend.
被動語態用 V3，不用 -ing。
Did you got paid yesterday?Did you get paid yesterday?
did 後面用原形 get。
I wasn't get invited.I didn't get invited. / I wasn't invited.
Get 是普通動詞，所以否定要用 didn't。
This house gets owned by my aunt.This house is owned by my aunt.
Own 表示狀態，不是動作——用 be，不用 get。
例句
- Be careful with that knife, or you'll get hurt.
- Minh was late for work every day, so he got fired.
- Lan got promoted last month, so she's very happy.
- I hope our flight doesn't get cancelled because of the storm.
