Lección 63 · Etapa 5: Pasiva, estilo indirecto y preguntas
Voz pasiva con “get”
IntermedioPassive with “get”
Forma y uso
get + V3 — got fired, get paid: algo le pasa a alguien
1.Forma
Al hablar, puedes usar get + V3 en lugar de be + V3. Get es un verbo normal, así que cambia como cualquier otro: get / gets / got, y las negativas y las preguntas necesitan do / does / did.
| get + V3 | be + V3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | He got fired. | He was fired. |
| Negativa | He didn't get fired. | He wasn't fired. |
| Pregunta | Did he get fired? | Was he fired? |
| Presente simple | We get paid on Fridays. | We are paid on Fridays. |
| Presente continuo | The bridge is getting repaired. | The bridge is being repaired. |
| Futuro | You'll get hurt. | You'll be hurt. |
| Present perfect | She's got promoted. / She's gotten promoted. (inglés americano) | She's been promoted. |
| Después de to / -ing | I don't want to get caught. / Nobody likes getting ignored. | I don't want to be caught. / Nobody likes being ignored. |
No uses be y get juntos: “I was got hurt” está mal. Elige uno: I got hurt o I was hurt.
2.Cuándo se usa
1. A alguien o a algo le pasa algo, a menudo de repente o de forma desagradable
My phone got damaged in the rain.
Se me estropeó el teléfono con la lluvia.
Be careful with that knife, or you'll get hurt.
Ten cuidado con ese cuchillo, que te vas a cortar.
Our neighbours got robbed last weekend.
A nuestros vecinos les robaron el fin de semana pasado.
2. Un cambio o un resultado que le llega a alguien, también cosas buenas
Lan got promoted last month.
A Lan la ascendieron el mes pasado.
Do you get paid every month or every week?
¿Te pagan cada mes o cada semana?
I got invited to Mai's party tonight.
Me invitaron a la fiesta de Mai esta noche.
3. Inglés informal y hablado: en textos formales, avisos e informes se usa be + V3
My wallet got stolen at the market.
Me robaron la cartera en el mercado. (hablado, contándoselo a un amigo)
Several items were stolen from the building.
Varios objetos fueron robados del edificio. (una noticia, formal)
Get + V3 no es solo para malas noticias: get fired y get fined son desagradables, pero get paid, get promoted y get invited son cosas buenas.
3.¿Get o be?
- Get es solo para acciones y cambios, no para estados: This house is owned by my aunt (no: gets owned).
- Get a menudo sugiere algo inesperado, o algo que el sujeto provocó en parte: He got caught cheating in the exam.
- Para información formal, objetiva u oficial, be suena más natural: The museum was built in the 19th century.
If you park here, you'll get fined.
Si te estacionas aquí, te van a multar.
Visitors who park here will be fined.
Los visitantes que se estacionen aquí serán multados. (un cartel, formal)
Two people got injured in the crash.
Dos personas resultaron heridas en el accidente.
4.No lo confundas con get + adjetivo ni con get something done
- get + adjetivo = volverse, ponerse: get tired, get angry, get cold, get better. Algunos V3 funcionan como adjetivos en expresiones fijas: get married, get dressed, get lost, get bored, get worried, get changed.
- get + cosa + V3 = otra persona lo hace por ti: I got my car washed. Mira la lección “Have something done”.
They got married in Da Nang last year.
Se casaron en Da Nang el año pasado.
I got lost on my way to the hotel.
Me perdí de camino al hotel.
I got cut on some broken glass. / I got my hair cut.
Me corté con un vidrio roto. / Me cortaron el pelo. (get + V3 frente a get + cosa + V3)
5.Errores comunes
He got fire because he was always late.He got fired because he was always late.
Después de get va el V3.
I was got hurt while I was playing football.I got hurt while I was playing football.
No uses be y get juntos.
Our neighbours got robbing last weekend.Our neighbours got robbed last weekend.
La pasiva usa el V3, no la forma -ing.
Did you got paid yesterday?Did you get paid yesterday?
Después de did va la forma base get.
I wasn't get invited.I didn't get invited. / I wasn't invited.
Get es un verbo normal, así que la negativa lleva didn't.
This house gets owned by my aunt.This house is owned by my aunt.
Own es un estado, no una acción: usa be, no get.
Ejemplos
- Be careful with that knife, or you'll get hurt.
- Minh was late for work every day, so he got fired.
- Lan got promoted last month, so she's very happy.
- I hope our flight doesn't get cancelled because of the storm.
