第 63 课 · 第 5 阶段: 被动、转述与疑问
用 “get” 的被动语态
中级Passive with “get”
构成与用法
get + V3 — got fired, get paid：某事发生在某人身上
1.形式
口语中可以用 get + V3 代替 be + V3。Get 是普通动词，所以和其他动词一样变化：get / gets / got，否定句和疑问句要用 do / does / did。
| get + V3 | be + V3 | |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | He got fired. | He was fired. |
| 否定句 | He didn't get fired. | He wasn't fired. |
| 疑问句 | Did he get fired? | Was he fired? |
| 一般现在时 | We get paid on Fridays. | We are paid on Fridays. |
| 现在进行时 | The bridge is getting repaired. | The bridge is being repaired. |
| 将来时 | You'll get hurt. | You'll be hurt. |
| 现在完成时 | She's got promoted. / She's gotten promoted.（美式英语） | She's been promoted. |
| 在 to / -ing 后面 | I don't want to get caught. / Nobody likes getting ignored. | I don't want to be caught. / Nobody likes being ignored. |
不要把 be 和 get 一起用：“I was got hurt” 是错的。二选一：I got hurt 或 I was hurt。
2.什么时候用
1. 某人或某物遭遇了某事，往往是突然的或不愉快的
My phone got damaged in the rain.
我的手机被雨淋坏了。
Be careful with that knife, or you'll get hurt.
小心那把刀，不然你会受伤的。
Our neighbours got robbed last weekend.
我们的邻居上周末被抢了。
2. 某人得到的变化或结果 —— 也可以是好事
Lan got promoted last month.
阿兰上个月升职了。
Do you get paid every month or every week?
你是按月还是按周领工资？
I got invited to Mai's party tonight.
我被邀请参加阿梅今晚的派对。
3. 非正式的口语 —— 正式书面语、通知和报告中用 be + V3
My wallet got stolen at the market.
我的钱包在市场被偷了。（口语，跟朋友讲）
Several items were stolen from the building.
该建筑内有数件物品被盗。（新闻报道——正式）
Get + V3 不只用于坏消息：get fired 和 get fined 是不愉快的事，但 get paid、get promoted 和 get invited 都是好事。
3.用 get 还是 be？
- Get 只用于动作和变化——不用于状态：This house is owned by my aunt（不说：gets owned）。
- Get 常常暗示事情出乎意料，或者主语自己也有一部分责任：He got caught cheating in the exam.
- 正式的、客观的或官方的信息，用 be 更自然：The museum was built in the 19th century.
If you park here, you'll get fined.
如果你在这里停车，会被罚款的。
Visitors who park here will be fined.
在此停车的访客将被罚款。（告示——正式）
Two people got injured in the crash.
两人在车祸中受伤。
4.别和 get + 形容词、get something done 混淆
- get + 形容词 = 变得：get tired, get angry, get cold, get better。有些 V3 在固定搭配中像形容词一样用：get married, get dressed, get lost, get bored, get worried, get changed。
- get + 物 + V3 = 别人替你做某事：I got my car washed —— 见“have something done”一课。
They got married in Da Nang last year.
他们去年在岘港结婚了。
I got lost on my way to the hotel.
我在去酒店的路上迷路了。
I got cut on some broken glass. / I got my hair cut.
我被碎玻璃划伤了。/ 我去剪了头发。（get + V3 与 get + 物 + V3 的区别）
5.常见错误
He got fire because he was always late.He got fired because he was always late.
get 后面用 V3。
I was got hurt while I was playing football.I got hurt while I was playing football.
不要把 be 和 get 一起用。
Our neighbours got robbing last weekend.Our neighbours got robbed last weekend.
被动语态用 V3，不用 -ing。
Did you got paid yesterday?Did you get paid yesterday?
did 后面用原形 get。
I wasn't get invited.I didn't get invited. / I wasn't invited.
Get 是普通动词，所以否定要用 didn't。
This house gets owned by my aunt.This house is owned by my aunt.
Own 表示状态，不是动作——用 be，不用 get。
例句
- Be careful with that knife, or you'll get hurt.
- Minh was late for work every day, so he got fired.
- Lan got promoted last month, so she's very happy.
- I hope our flight doesn't get cancelled because of the storm.
