第 31 課 · 第 3 階段: 計劃、請求與比較
請求、提議和許可
初級Requests, offers and permission
構成與用法
Could you…? Would you mind…? Can I…? Would you like…? — 禮貌地詢問
1.概述
請求幫忙、請求許可、主動提出幫忙和邀請——英語都用 can、could、may、would 和 shall 構成的疑問句來表達。下表彙總了主要句型。
| 目的 | 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 請別人做事 | Can / Could / Will / Would you + verb? · Would you mind + -ing? | Could you help me with this? |
| 要東西 | Can / Could / May I have + noun? | Could I have the menu, please? |
| 請求許可 | Can / Could / May I + verb? · Do you mind if I + present simple? | Can I use your charger? |
| 主動提出幫忙 | Shall I / Can I + verb? · Would you like me to + verb? | Shall I carry that for you? |
| 邀請、給別人東西 | Would you like + noun / to-verb? | Would you like to come for dinner? |
英語靠疑問句 + please 以及 could / would 讓請求變得禮貌。對陌生人直接說 “Open the door.” 這樣的命令,聽起來很專橫。
2.請別人做事
Can you…? 比較隨意——用於朋友和家人。Could you…? 更禮貌,幾乎對誰都可以用。Would you mind + -ing? 非常禮貌,適合請人幫比較大的忙。這裡的 could 沒有過去的意思。
Can you turn the TV down a bit?
你能把電視聲音調小一點嗎?
Could you say that again, please?
請你再說一遍好嗎?
Would you mind waiting a few minutes?
您介意等幾分鐘嗎?
Mind 的意思是“介意、反對”。所以同意 Would you mind…? 的請求時,要說 No, not at all. / Of course not.——或者乾脆說 Sure! 如果只回答 “Yes”,意思是“是的,我介意”。
3.要東西和請求許可
要東西:Can I have…? / Could I have…?(在咖啡館和商店裡,特別是在美國,還常聽到 Can I get…?)。請求做某事:Can I / Could I / May I + 動詞?——May I 最正式。Do you mind if I…? 非常禮貌;if 後面的動詞用一般現在時。
Could I have the bill, please?
請給我賬單好嗎?
Can I borrow your umbrella? I'll bring it back tomorrow.
我能借你的傘嗎?我明天還你。
May I come in?
我可以進來嗎?(正式)
Do you mind if I open the window?
你介意我開窗嗎?
回答:同意——Sure. / Of course. / Go ahead.;委婉拒絕——Sorry, I'm using it right now. 回答 Could I…? 時,說 Yes, of course 或 Yes, you can——不說 Yes, you could。
4.主動提出幫忙和邀請
主動提出幫忙:Shall I…?(英式)、Can I…?、Would you like me to…?,或者直接說 I'll…。給別人東西或發出邀請:Would you like + 名詞 / to + 動詞?
You look lost. Can I help you?
你看起來像迷路了。需要我幫忙嗎?
Would you like me to drive you home?
要我開車送你回家嗎?
Would you like a slice of cake?
你要來一塊蛋糕嗎?
Would you like to come to Hoi An with us next month?
下個月你想和我們一起去會安嗎?
注意:Would you like…? 是提供或邀請;Do you like…? 是問你的喜好。
Do you like green tea? — Yes, I drink it every morning.
你喜歡綠茶嗎?——喜歡,我每天早上都喝。(問喜好)
Would you like some green tea? — Yes, please.
你要來點綠茶嗎?——好的,謝謝。(提供東西)
另見講 would like 的那一課和“提建議”一課(Shall we…? Why don't we…?)。
5.常見錯誤
Would you mind to wait a moment?Would you mind waiting a moment?
mind 後面接 -ing。
Do you mind if I using your charger?Do you mind if I use your charger?
if I 後面用一般現在時。
May I to come in?May I come in?
may 後面不加 to。
Would you like that I help you?Would you like me to help you?
would like + 人 + to + 動詞。
Would you like going to the cinema tonight?Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
would like 後面接 to + 動詞。
Will I carry your bag?Shall I carry your bag?
主動提出幫忙用 Shall I / Can I,不用 Will I。
例句
- Could you open the window, please? It's hot in here.
- Would you mind closing the door? It's a bit noisy outside.
- Can I borrow your pen? I've lost mine.
- Would you like to come to dinner on Saturday?
