第 31 课 · 第 3 阶段: 计划、请求与比较
请求、提议和许可
初级Requests, offers and permission
构成与用法
Could you…? Would you mind…? Can I…? Would you like…? — 礼貌地询问
1.概述
请求帮忙、请求许可、主动提出帮忙和邀请——英语都用 can、could、may、would 和 shall 构成的疑问句来表达。下表汇总了主要句型。
| 目的 | 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 请别人做事 | Can / Could / Will / Would you + verb? · Would you mind + -ing? | Could you help me with this? |
| 要东西 | Can / Could / May I have + noun? | Could I have the menu, please? |
| 请求许可 | Can / Could / May I + verb? · Do you mind if I + present simple? | Can I use your charger? |
| 主动提出帮忙 | Shall I / Can I + verb? · Would you like me to + verb? | Shall I carry that for you? |
| 邀请、给别人东西 | Would you like + noun / to-verb? | Would you like to come for dinner? |
英语靠疑问句 + please 以及 could / would 让请求变得礼貌。对陌生人直接说 “Open the door.” 这样的命令,听起来很专横。
2.请别人做事
Can you…? 比较随意——用于朋友和家人。Could you…? 更礼貌,几乎对谁都可以用。Would you mind + -ing? 非常礼貌,适合请人帮比较大的忙。这里的 could 没有过去的意思。
Can you turn the TV down a bit?
你能把电视声音调小一点吗?
Could you say that again, please?
请你再说一遍好吗?
Would you mind waiting a few minutes?
您介意等几分钟吗?
Mind 的意思是“介意、反对”。所以同意 Would you mind…? 的请求时,要说 No, not at all. / Of course not.——或者干脆说 Sure! 如果只回答 “Yes”,意思是“是的,我介意”。
3.要东西和请求许可
要东西:Can I have…? / Could I have…?(在咖啡馆和商店里,特别是在美国,还常听到 Can I get…?)。请求做某事:Can I / Could I / May I + 动词?——May I 最正式。Do you mind if I…? 非常礼貌;if 后面的动词用一般现在时。
Could I have the bill, please?
请给我账单好吗?
Can I borrow your umbrella? I'll bring it back tomorrow.
我能借你的伞吗?我明天还你。
May I come in?
我可以进来吗?(正式)
Do you mind if I open the window?
你介意我开窗吗?
回答:同意——Sure. / Of course. / Go ahead.;委婉拒绝——Sorry, I'm using it right now. 回答 Could I…? 时,说 Yes, of course 或 Yes, you can——不说 Yes, you could。
4.主动提出帮忙和邀请
主动提出帮忙:Shall I…?(英式)、Can I…?、Would you like me to…?,或者直接说 I'll…。给别人东西或发出邀请:Would you like + 名词 / to + 动词?
You look lost. Can I help you?
你看起来像迷路了。需要我帮忙吗?
Would you like me to drive you home?
要我开车送你回家吗?
Would you like a slice of cake?
你要来一块蛋糕吗?
Would you like to come to Hoi An with us next month?
下个月你想和我们一起去会安吗?
注意:Would you like…? 是提供或邀请;Do you like…? 是问你的喜好。
Do you like green tea? — Yes, I drink it every morning.
你喜欢绿茶吗?——喜欢,我每天早上都喝。(问喜好)
Would you like some green tea? — Yes, please.
你要来点绿茶吗?——好的,谢谢。(提供东西)
另见讲 would like 的那一课和“提建议”一课(Shall we…? Why don't we…?)。
5.常见错误
Would you mind to wait a moment?Would you mind waiting a moment?
mind 后面接 -ing。
Do you mind if I using your charger?Do you mind if I use your charger?
if I 后面用一般现在时。
May I to come in?May I come in?
may 后面不加 to。
Would you like that I help you?Would you like me to help you?
would like + 人 + to + 动词。
Would you like going to the cinema tonight?Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
would like 后面接 to + 动词。
Will I carry your bag?Shall I carry your bag?
主动提出帮忙用 Shall I / Can I,不用 Will I。
例句
- Could you open the window, please? It's hot in here.
- Would you mind closing the door? It's a bit noisy outside.
- Can I borrow your pen? I've lost mine.
- Would you like to come to dinner on Saturday?
