第二條件句

第二條件句：if + 一般過去時，would + 動詞原形。這裡的過去時並不表示過去的時間——它表示這種情況不真實或不太可能，指的是現在或將來。

兩個分句可以調換位置；if 從句在前時，通常加逗號。'd = would（I'd、she'd、we'd）。簡略回答：Would you move abroad if you could? —— Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't. 主句裡可以用 could（= would be able to，能夠）或 might（= would perhaps，也許會）代替 would；if 從句裡也可以用 could（= if I were able to，如果我能）。

• If I had a car, I could drive you home.

  如果我有車，就能開車送你回家。（could = would be able to，能夠）

• If we left now, we might catch the last train.

  如果我們現在出發，也許還能趕上末班火車。（might = would perhaps，也許會）

• If I could live anywhere, I'd choose Da Lat.

  如果我可以住在任何地方，我會選擇大叻。

💡中文說假設時動詞不變形，“如果我有錢，我就……”和講真實情況的說法一樣，所以學習者常常保留現在時：“If I have money, I would…”。快速檢查：結果部分有 would，if 從句就要退回過去時（have → had，can → could，am/is → were）。

1. 與現在事實相反的情況——事實並非如此

• If I knew her number, I'd call her.

  如果我知道她的電話號碼，我就給她打電話了。（但我不知道）

• We would visit you more often if we didn't live so far away.

  要是我們住得沒那麼遠，就會常來看你們了。（但我們住得很遠）

2. 想像現在或將來——不太可能或不可能發生的“假如……”

• What would you do if you lost your job tomorrow?

  如果你明天丟了工作，你會怎麼辦？

• If animals could talk, my cat would complain all day.

  要是動物會說話，我的貓肯定會抱怨一整天。

3. 提建議：If I were you, I'd…——設身處地站在對方的立場

• If I were you, I'd talk to her before you decide.

  如果我是你，我會在做決定之前先跟她談談。

• I wouldn't sign that contract if I were you.

  如果我是你，我就不會籤那份合同。

4. 更委婉的請求和徵求許可——用過去時顯得更溫和、更禮貌

• It would be great if you could send it by Friday.

  如果你能在星期五之前發過來就太好了。

• Would you mind if I opened the window?

  我開一下窗你介意嗎？

be 動詞在 if 從句裡對所有人稱都可以用 were：if I were、if she were、if it were。口語中，I / he / she / it 後面用 was 也很常見，可以接受；were 更正式，寫作和考試中用它最保險。表示建議的 If I were you 幾乎總是用 were。

• If she were here, she'd know what to do.

  如果她在這裡，她會知道該怎麼辦。

• If it was a bit cheaper, I'd buy it.

  要是再便宜一點，我就買了。（非正式；更正式的說法：if it were）

兩種正式的變體：if … were to + 動詞 強調某事極不可能發生；倒裝則省略 if：Were I… = If I were…（見“倒裝”一課）。

• If the factory were to close, hundreds of people would lose their jobs.

  萬一工廠關閉，數百人將會失業。（正式）

• Were I in your position, I would accept the offer.

  如果我處在你的位置，我會接受這個提議。（非常正式）

兩者都談現在或將來。區別在於說話人怎麼看待這個情況：真實的可能性 → 第一條件句；只是想像、不太可能或與事實相反 → 第二條件句。見“條件句”一課。

• If I get the job, I'll buy a motorbike.

  如果我得到這份工作，我就買一輛摩托車。（真實的可能性——我在等結果）

• If I got the job, I'd buy a motorbike.

  要是我得到這份工作，我就買一輛摩托車。（我其實不太指望能得到）

• If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home.

  如果明天下雨，我們就待在家裡。（很有可能）

• If it snowed in Ho Chi Minh City, everyone would go crazy.

  要是胡志明市下雪，大家都會瘋掉的。（幾乎不可能）

💡不要混用兩種句型：if + 現在時 搭配 will，if + 過去時 搭配 would。“If I had wings, I will fly” 和 “If I have time, I would help” 都是錯的。

• ✗If I would have more money, I would buy a laptop.

  ✓If I had more money, I would buy a laptop.

  if 從句用一般過去時；would 放在結果部分。

• ✗If I had wings, I will fly to school.

  ✓If I had wings, I would fly to school.

  過去時的 if 從句搭配 would，不用 will。

• ✗If I am you, I would apologise.

  ✓If I were you, I'd apologise.

  提建議用 If I were you。

• ✗He's not good at English. If he speaks better, he would get the job.

  ✓He's not good at English. If he spoke better, he would get the job.

  與現在事實相反 → if 從句用過去時。

• ✗If I knew her number, I would called her.

  ✓If I knew her number, I would call her.

  would + 動詞原形。

• ✗What you would do if you won?

  ✓What would you do if you won?

  疑問句中 would 放在主語前面。