比較級

比較級用來比較兩個人、物或地方。短形容詞加 -er；長形容詞前面加 more。後面接 than + 比較的物件。

• Ho Chi Minh City is bigger than Hue.

  胡志明市比順化大。

• Taxis are more expensive than buses.

  計程車比公交車貴。

• This year's exam was easier than last year's.

  今年的考試比去年的簡單。

💡用 -er 或 more，不要兩個都用：cheaper、more expensive（不說 more cheaper）。比較的詞永遠是 than——不是 that 或 then，它們拼寫和讀音都很像。

以 -ed 結尾的形容詞即使只有一個音節，通常也用 more：more tired、more bored、more worried。Far 有兩種形式：表示距離時 farther 和 further 都可以（英式英語更常用 further）；表示“額外的、進一步的”時只能用 further：further information。

口語中 than 通常弱讀——/ðən/——並和前面的詞連在一起；重音落在形容詞上：She's TALLer than me。不要把 -er 結尾吞掉。

1. 比較兩個人、物或地方

• My sister is taller than me.

  我姐姐比我高。

• Hanoi is colder than Ho Chi Minh City in January.

  一月份河內比胡志明市冷。

2. 把某事物和它在另一個時候比較——than before、than usual、than I expected

• The traffic is worse than usual today.

  今天的交通比平時更糟。

• The film was longer than I expected.

  這部電影比我預想的長。

3. 比較人們做事的方式（副詞）——以 -ly 結尾的副詞用 more：more slowly、more carefully。但 fast、hard、early 和 late 加 -er；well → better，badly → worse。

• Could you speak more slowly, please?

  請你說慢一點好嗎？

• My mum gets up earlier than my dad.

  我媽媽比我爸爸起得早。

• Lan cooks better than I do.

  阿蘭做飯比我做得好。

4. 多和少：more / less / fewer——more + 名詞（more money、more friends）；less + 不可數名詞（less traffic）；fewer + 複數名詞（fewer cars）。日常口語中，很多人複數名詞前也用 less，但 fewer 是標準用法，尤其在書面語中。Less + 形容詞 是 more + 形容詞 的反義。

• My cousin earns more money than me.

  我表哥掙的錢比我多。

• There's less traffic in Hanoi during Tet.

  春節期間河內的車流少一些。

• The bus is less expensive than the train.

  坐公交車沒有坐火車貴。（= 比火車便宜）

than 後面有兩種選擇：賓格代詞（than me、than him）——口語中非常自然；或者主語 + 助動詞（than I am、than he does）——任何語體都可以。單獨說 “than I” 聽起來相當正式。

• My brother is taller than me. = My brother is taller than I am.

  我哥哥比我高。（兩種說法意思相同）

• She speaks English better than her husband does.

  她的英語說得比她丈夫好。

要說出具體差多少，把數字放在比較級正前方。要說多很多或多一點點（much、a bit、far…），見“比較級 + much / a bit / far”一課。

• My sister is three years older than me.

  我姐姐比我大三歲。

• This shirt is 50,000 dong cheaper online.

  這件襯衫在網上便宜五萬越南盾。

💡中文說“比我大三歲”，差距放在最後；英語裡差距要放在比較級前面：three years older than me——不說 older than me three years。

• ✗This bag is more cheaper than that one.

  ✓This bag is cheaper than that one.

  已經有 -er 了，所以不用 more。

• ✗This road is more long than the old one.

  ✓This road is longer than the old one.

  單音節形容詞加 -er。

• ✗My sister is taller as me.

  ✓My sister is taller than me.

  比較級和 than 連用。

• ✗My English is gooder than last year.

  ✓My English is better than last year.

  good → better（不規則）。

• ✗He is older than me two years.

  ✓He is two years older than me.

  數字放在比較級前面。

• ✗My cousin is five years elder than me.

  ✓My cousin is five years older than me.

  elder 不和 than 連用；要用 older。