比较级

比较级用来比较两个人、物或地方。短形容词加 -er；长形容词前面加 more。后面接 than + 比较的对象。

• Ho Chi Minh City is bigger than Hue.

  胡志明市比顺化大。

• Taxis are more expensive than buses.

  出租车比公交车贵。

• This year's exam was easier than last year's.

  今年的考试比去年的简单。

💡用 -er 或 more，不要两个都用：cheaper、more expensive（不说 more cheaper）。比较的词永远是 than——不是 that 或 then，它们拼写和读音都很像。

以 -ed 结尾的形容词即使只有一个音节，通常也用 more：more tired、more bored、more worried。Far 有两种形式：表示距离时 farther 和 further 都可以（英式英语更常用 further）；表示“额外的、进一步的”时只能用 further：further information。

口语中 than 通常弱读——/ðən/——并和前面的词连在一起；重音落在形容词上：She's TALLer than me。不要把 -er 结尾吞掉。

1. 比较两个人、物或地方

• My sister is taller than me.

  我姐姐比我高。

• Hanoi is colder than Ho Chi Minh City in January.

  一月份河内比胡志明市冷。

2. 把某事物和它在另一个时候比较——than before、than usual、than I expected

• The traffic is worse than usual today.

  今天的交通比平时更糟。

• The film was longer than I expected.

  这部电影比我预想的长。

3. 比较人们做事的方式（副词）——以 -ly 结尾的副词用 more：more slowly、more carefully。但 fast、hard、early 和 late 加 -er；well → better，badly → worse。

• Could you speak more slowly, please?

  请你说慢一点好吗？

• My mum gets up earlier than my dad.

  我妈妈比我爸爸起得早。

• Lan cooks better than I do.

  阿兰做饭比我做得好。

4. 多和少：more / less / fewer——more + 名词（more money、more friends）；less + 不可数名词（less traffic）；fewer + 复数名词（fewer cars）。日常口语中，很多人复数名词前也用 less，但 fewer 是标准用法，尤其在书面语中。Less + 形容词 是 more + 形容词 的反义。

• My cousin earns more money than me.

  我表哥挣的钱比我多。

• There's less traffic in Hanoi during Tet.

  春节期间河内的车流少一些。

• The bus is less expensive than the train.

  坐公交车没有坐火车贵。（= 比火车便宜）

than 后面有两种选择：宾格代词（than me、than him）——口语中非常自然；或者主语 + 助动词（than I am、than he does）——任何语体都可以。单独说 “than I” 听起来相当正式。

• My brother is taller than me. = My brother is taller than I am.

  我哥哥比我高。（两种说法意思相同）

• She speaks English better than her husband does.

  她的英语说得比她丈夫好。

要说出具体差多少，把数字放在比较级正前方。要说多很多或多一点点（much、a bit、far…），见“比较级 + much / a bit / far”一课。

• My sister is three years older than me.

  我姐姐比我大三岁。

• This shirt is 50,000 dong cheaper online.

  这件衬衫在网上便宜五万越南盾。

💡中文说“比我大三岁”，差距放在最后；英语里差距要放在比较级前面：three years older than me——不说 older than me three years。

• ✗This bag is more cheaper than that one.

  ✓This bag is cheaper than that one.

  已经有 -er 了，所以不用 more。

• ✗This road is more long than the old one.

  ✓This road is longer than the old one.

  单音节形容词加 -er。

• ✗My sister is taller as me.

  ✓My sister is taller than me.

  比较级和 than 连用。

• ✗My English is gooder than last year.

  ✓My English is better than last year.

  good → better（不规则）。

• ✗He is older than me two years.

  ✓He is two years older than me.

  数字放在比较级前面。

• ✗My cousin is five years elder than me.

  ✓My cousin is five years older than me.

  elder 不和 than 连用；要用 older。