主语疑问句与宾语疑问句

Who 和 what 可以问主语（谁或什么做了这个动作），也可以问宾语（动作的对象是谁或什么）。这两种问句的构成方式不同。

• 主语疑问句：Who / What + 动词（和陈述句一样）。没有 do / does / did。
• 宾语疑问句：Who / What + do / does / did + 主语 + 动词原形——和普通疑问句一样。

疑问词占据了主语的位置，所以语序和陈述句一样：只要把主语换成 who / what 就行。动词的时态保持不变——一般现在时加 -s，一般过去时用过去式。

• Who lives in that big house on the corner?

  谁住在拐角那栋大房子里？

• What happened? Why is everyone shouting?

  发生什么事了？大家为什么都在大喊大叫？

• Who taught you to swim?

  谁教你游泳的？

• Which bus goes to the airport?

  哪路公交车去机场？

• How many people came to the party?

  有多少人来参加了派对？

• 当 which / whose / how many + 名词 作主语时，也是一样。
• Who / what 作主语时，通常用单数动词，即使答案是好几个人：Who wants more rice?（不说 Who want…?）。
• 属于时态本身的助动词照样保留，只是不另外加 do / does / did：Who is coming tonight? · Who can help me? · Who has seen my keys?

疑问词作宾语时，问句的构成和其他疑问句一样：疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词。在一般时态中，助动词是 do / does / did。

• Who did you meet at the party?

  你在派对上遇到谁了？

• What did you buy at the market yesterday?

  你昨天在市场买了什么？

• What does this word mean?

  这个词是什么意思？

• Who are you waiting for?

  你在等谁？

如果疑问词是介词的宾语，介词通常放在句末：Who are you talking to? What are you looking at? To whom…? 只用于正式的书面语。

• Who told you? — My sister told me.

  谁告诉你的？——我姐姐告诉我的。（问的是告诉别人的人）

• Who did you tell? — I told my sister.

  你告诉谁了？——我告诉我姐姐了。（问的是被告知的人）

• What made you so angry?

  什么事让你这么生气？

• What did you make for dinner?

  你晚饭做了什么？

💡问问自己：疑问词是不是做这个动作的人？如果是（Who called you?），就不用 do / does / did。如果做动作的是别人（Who did you call?），就把 do / does / did 放在那个人前面。

💡你有时可能会听到 Who did break it?，did 读重音——这是在争论或追问答案时说的。那是特别的强调；普通的主语疑问句没有 did。

• ✗Who did break the vase?

  ✓Who broke the vase?

  主语疑问句：不用 did。

• ✗What did happen to your car?

  ✓What happened to your car?

  What 是主语：不用 did。

• ✗Who live next door to you?

  ✓Who lives next door to you?

  Who 作主语 → 用加 -s 的单数动词。

• ✗Who you are waiting for?

  ✓Who are you waiting for?

  宾语疑问句：助动词放在主语前面。

• ✗Who you called last night?

  ✓Who did you call last night?

  一般过去时的宾语疑问句需要 did。

• ✗What did make you so angry?

  ✓What made you so angry?

  What 是主语：不用 did。