主語疑問句與賓語疑問句

Who 和 what 可以問主語（誰或什麼做了這個動作），也可以問賓語（動作的物件是誰或什麼）。這兩種問句的構成方式不同。

• 主語疑問句：Who / What + 動詞（和陳述句一樣）。沒有 do / does / did。
• 賓語疑問句：Who / What + do / does / did + 主語 + 動詞原形——和普通疑問句一樣。

疑問詞佔據了主語的位置，所以語序和陳述句一樣：只要把主語換成 who / what 就行。動詞的時態保持不變——一般現在時加 -s，一般過去時用過去式。

• Who lives in that big house on the corner?

  誰住在拐角那棟大房子裡？

• What happened? Why is everyone shouting?

  發生什麼事了？大家為什麼都在大喊大叫？

• Who taught you to swim?

  誰教你游泳的？

• Which bus goes to the airport?

  哪路公交車去機場？

• How many people came to the party?

  有多少人來參加了派對？

• 當 which / whose / how many + 名詞 作主語時，也是一樣。
• Who / what 作主語時，通常用單數動詞，即使答案是好幾個人：Who wants more rice?（不說 Who want…?）。
• 屬於時態本身的助動詞照樣保留，只是不另外加 do / does / did：Who is coming tonight? · Who can help me? · Who has seen my keys?

疑問詞作賓語時，問句的構成和其他疑問句一樣：疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主語 + 動詞。在一般時態中，助動詞是 do / does / did。

• Who did you meet at the party?

  你在派對上遇到誰了？

• What did you buy at the market yesterday?

  你昨天在市場買了什麼？

• What does this word mean?

  這個詞是什麼意思？

• Who are you waiting for?

  你在等誰？

如果疑問詞是介詞的賓語，介詞通常放在句末：Who are you talking to? What are you looking at? To whom…? 只用於正式的書面語。

• Who told you? — My sister told me.

  誰告訴你的？——我姐姐告訴我的。（問的是告訴別人的人）

• Who did you tell? — I told my sister.

  你告訴誰了？——我告訴我姐姐了。（問的是被告知的人）

• What made you so angry?

  什麼事讓你這麼生氣？

• What did you make for dinner?

  你晚飯做了什麼？

💡問問自己：疑問詞是不是做這個動作的人？如果是（Who called you?），就不用 do / does / did。如果做動作的是別人（Who did you call?），就把 do / does / did 放在那個人前面。

💡你有時可能會聽到 Who did break it?，did 讀重音——這是在爭論或追問答案時說的。那是特別的強調；普通的主語疑問句沒有 did。

• ✗Who did break the vase?

  ✓Who broke the vase?

  主語疑問句：不用 did。

• ✗What did happen to your car?

  ✓What happened to your car?

  What 是主語：不用 did。

• ✗Who live next door to you?

  ✓Who lives next door to you?

  Who 作主語 → 用加 -s 的單數動詞。

• ✗Who you are waiting for?

  ✓Who are you waiting for?

  賓語疑問句：助動詞放在主語前面。

• ✗Who you called last night?

  ✓Who did you call last night?

  一般過去時的賓語疑問句需要 did。

• ✗What did make you so angry?

  ✓What made you so angry?

  What 是主語：不用 did。