第 40 課 · 第 3 階段: 計劃、請求與比較
最高階
初級Superlatives
構成與用法
the -est / the most … — 一組中最高或最低的
1.形式
最高階用來挑出三個或更多事物中的第一(或最後)。短形容詞:the + -est;長形容詞:the most + 形容詞。拼寫規則和比較級相同(見“比較級”一課)。
| 形容詞 | 比較級 | 最高階 |
|---|---|---|
| cheap | cheaper | the cheapest |
| nice | nicer | the nicest |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| busy | busier | the busiest |
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
| good / well | better | the best |
| bad / badly | worse | the worst |
| far | farther / further | the farthest / the furthest |
Fansipan is the highest mountain in Vietnam.
番西邦峰是越南最高的山。
This is the most expensive restaurant on this street.
這是這條街上最貴的餐廳。
記住 the:the tallest、the best——學習者經常漏掉它。另外,和比較級一樣,只能二選一:用 -est 或 most,不能兩個都用(不說 the most tallest)。
2.什麼時候用
1. 一組中的第一(三個或更多)
Sunday is the busiest day of the week at our café.
星期天是我們咖啡館一週裡最忙的一天。
Who's the youngest in your family?
你家裡誰最小?
2. 最後一名:the least + 形容詞
Walking is the least expensive way to get around.
步行是最省錢的出行方式。
3. 最……之一:one of the + 最高階 + 複數名詞
Hoi An is one of the most beautiful towns in Vietnam.
會安是越南最美的小鎮之一。
She's one of the best students in the class.
她是班上最優秀的學生之一。
4. 第二、第三……:the second / the third + 最高階
Who got the second highest score in the class?
班上誰的分數第二高?
5. 有所有格時,去掉 the:my、your、Minh's… + 最高階
Nga is my oldest friend.
阿娥是我最老的朋友。
This is Minh's best score so far.
這是阿明到目前為止最好的成績。
3.比較級還是最高階?
| 比較級 | 最高階 | |
|---|---|---|
| 用於 | 兩個事物 | 三個或更多,或者整個群體 |
| 句型 | -er / more … than | the -est / the most … (in / of) |
| 例句 | Lan is taller than her mother. | Lan is the tallest of the three sisters. |
只有兩個的時候,嚴謹的書面語用 the + 比較級 + of the two(the taller of the two);但在口語中很多人仍然用最高階。Oldest 什麼都可以用;eldest 只用於家庭成員(my eldest son),這時用 oldest 也可以。
This hotel is cheaper than that one, but the hostel is the cheapest.
這家酒店比那家便宜,但青年旅舍最便宜。
My eldest brother lives in Da Nang.
我大哥住在峴港。
4.最高階後面:in、of、ever
最高階後面常接一些詞,說明“在什麼範圍裡最……”:in + 地點或群體,of + 數量或一段時間,或者一個帶 ever 的從句(現在完成時)。詳細內容見“最高階 + ever / in / of”一課。
Minh is the tallest boy in the class.
阿明是班上最高的男生。
This is the cheapest of the three phones.
這是三部手機中最便宜的。
That's the funniest joke I've ever heard.
那是我聽過最好笑的笑話。
5.常見錯誤
He is the most tallest boy in the class.He is the tallest boy in the class.
已經有 -est 了,所以不用 most。
Minh is best player on our team.Minh is the best player on our team.
最高階前面要有 the。
This is the more beautiful beach I've ever seen.This is the most beautiful beach I've ever seen.
最高階 → 用 most,不用 more。
Da Nang is one of the cleanest city in Vietnam.Da Nang is one of the cleanest cities in Vietnam.
one of the 後面用複數名詞。
This is the most cheap hotel in the area.This is the cheapest hotel in the area.
短形容詞加 -est。
Nam is the taller boy in our class.Nam is the tallest boy in our class.
一個班不止兩個人 → 用最高階。
例句
- Fansipan is the highest mountain in Vietnam.
- This is the hottest day of the year so far.
- This is the easiest way to get to the airport.
- Ben is the fastest runner in our school.
