第 40 课 · 第 3 阶段: 计划、请求与比较
最高级
初级Superlatives
构成与用法
the -est / the most … — 一组中最高或最低的
1.形式
最高级用来挑出三个或更多事物中的第一(或最后)。短形容词:the + -est;长形容词:the most + 形容词。拼写规则和比较级相同(见“比较级”一课)。
| 形容词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| cheap | cheaper | the cheapest |
| nice | nicer | the nicest |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| busy | busier | the busiest |
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
| good / well | better | the best |
| bad / badly | worse | the worst |
| far | farther / further | the farthest / the furthest |
Fansipan is the highest mountain in Vietnam.
番西邦峰是越南最高的山。
This is the most expensive restaurant on this street.
这是这条街上最贵的餐厅。
记住 the:the tallest、the best——学习者经常漏掉它。另外,和比较级一样,只能二选一:用 -est 或 most,不能两个都用(不说 the most tallest)。
2.什么时候用
1. 一组中的第一(三个或更多)
Sunday is the busiest day of the week at our café.
星期天是我们咖啡馆一周里最忙的一天。
Who's the youngest in your family?
你家里谁最小?
2. 最后一名:the least + 形容词
Walking is the least expensive way to get around.
步行是最省钱的出行方式。
3. 最……之一:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
Hoi An is one of the most beautiful towns in Vietnam.
会安是越南最美的小镇之一。
She's one of the best students in the class.
她是班上最优秀的学生之一。
4. 第二、第三……:the second / the third + 最高级
Who got the second highest score in the class?
班上谁的分数第二高?
5. 有所有格时,去掉 the:my、your、Minh's… + 最高级
Nga is my oldest friend.
阿娥是我最老的朋友。
This is Minh's best score so far.
这是阿明到目前为止最好的成绩。
3.比较级还是最高级?
| 比较级 | 最高级 | |
|---|---|---|
| 用于 | 两个事物 | 三个或更多,或者整个群体 |
| 句型 | -er / more … than | the -est / the most … (in / of) |
| 例句 | Lan is taller than her mother. | Lan is the tallest of the three sisters. |
只有两个的时候,严谨的书面语用 the + 比较级 + of the two(the taller of the two);但在口语中很多人仍然用最高级。Oldest 什么都可以用;eldest 只用于家庭成员(my eldest son),这时用 oldest 也可以。
This hotel is cheaper than that one, but the hostel is the cheapest.
这家酒店比那家便宜,但青年旅舍最便宜。
My eldest brother lives in Da Nang.
我大哥住在岘港。
4.最高级后面:in、of、ever
最高级后面常接一些词,说明“在什么范围里最……”:in + 地点或群体,of + 数量或一段时间,或者一个带 ever 的从句(现在完成时)。详细内容见“最高级 + ever / in / of”一课。
Minh is the tallest boy in the class.
阿明是班上最高的男生。
This is the cheapest of the three phones.
这是三部手机中最便宜的。
That's the funniest joke I've ever heard.
那是我听过最好笑的笑话。
5.常见错误
He is the most tallest boy in the class.He is the tallest boy in the class.
已经有 -est 了,所以不用 most。
Minh is best player on our team.Minh is the best player on our team.
最高级前面要有 the。
This is the more beautiful beach I've ever seen.This is the most beautiful beach I've ever seen.
最高级 → 用 most,不用 more。
Da Nang is one of the cleanest city in Vietnam.Da Nang is one of the cleanest cities in Vietnam.
one of the 后面用复数名词。
This is the most cheap hotel in the area.This is the cheapest hotel in the area.
短形容词加 -est。
Nam is the taller boy in our class.Nam is the tallest boy in our class.
一个班不止两个人 → 用最高级。
例句
- Fansipan is the highest mountain in Vietnam.
- This is the hottest day of the year so far.
- This is the easiest way to get to the airport.
- Ben is the fastest runner in our school.
