現在完成進行時

現在完成進行時 = have / has + been + -ing。Been 不變，只有 have/has 隨主語變化。

💡三個部分缺一不可：have/has + been + -ing。常見的失誤：漏掉 been（I have working），把 been 寫成 being（has being working），或忘了加 -ing（has been learn）。

1. 從過去開始、現在還在進行的活動——常和 How long…?、for、since、all day 連用

• It's been raining since lunchtime.

  從中午開始一直在下雨。

• How long have you been learning English?

  你學英語多久了？

• Nam has been working for the same company since 2019.

  阿南從 2019 年起一直在同一家公司工作。

2. 剛剛停止的活動，結果還看得出來

• Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?

  你眼睛紅紅的，你哭過了嗎？

• Sorry I'm so sweaty — I've been running.

  不好意思我一身汗——我剛才在跑步。

3. 最近一再做的事——和 lately、recently、these days 連用

• I've been going to the gym a lot lately.

  我最近經常去健身房。

• Linh hasn't been sleeping well recently.

  阿玲最近一直睡不好。

進行形式強調活動本身和它持續了多長時間；一般形式強調結果——完成了什麼、做到了什麼。

• I've been reading this book for a week. I'm on page 90.

  這本書我已經讀了一個星期，讀到第 90 頁了。（還沒讀完）

• I've read three books this month.

  這個月我已經讀了三本書。（有數量——已完成）

• She's been writing emails all morning.

  她一上午都在寫郵件。

• She's written twelve emails this morning.

  她今天上午已經寫了十二封郵件。

💡計算多少（three books、twelve emails、How many…?）→ 通常用一般形式。說多長時間（for two hours、all day、How long…?）→ 通常用進行形式。

know、like、want、believe、belong、have（= 擁有）這類狀態動詞通常不用進行形式，所以即使說多長時間，也要用現在完成時。

• I've known Hoa since we were at school.

  我從上學時就認識阿花了。（不說：have been knowing）

• How long have you had your cat?

  你養這隻貓多久了？（have = 擁有）

live、work、study、teach 用兩種形式都對，意思幾乎一樣。進行形式聽起來更臨時，一般形式更長久。

• We've been living with my parents since March.

  我們從三月起一直跟我父母住在一起。（臨時）

• My grandparents have lived in this village all their lives.

  我爺爺奶奶一輩子都住在這個村子裡。（長久）

現在進行時只說某事正在發生。一旦加上多長時間（for、since、How long…?），就要用現在完成進行時。

• We're waiting for the bus.

  我們在等公交車。

• We've been waiting for the bus for forty minutes!

  我們等公交車已經等了四十分鐘了！（不說：We are waiting … for forty minutes）

💡中文說“我學英語兩年了”，動詞沒有變化，所以很多人會說 “I'm learning English for two years”，因為這件事還在進行。但一說到多長時間，英語就要用 I've been learning English for two years。

• ✗It is raining since this morning.

  ✓It has been raining since this morning.

  since → 用完成時。

• ✗I have been work here since 2020.

  ✓I have been working here since 2020.

  been + -ing。

• ✗He has being working on this project since March.

  ✓He has been working on this project since March.

  have/has + been，不是 being。

• ✗I have been studying for this exam since three weeks.

  ✓I have been studying for this exam for three weeks.

  three weeks 是一段時間 → for。

• ✗I've been knowing her for years.

  ✓I've known her for years.

  know 是狀態動詞 → 用一般形式。

• ✗Did you been exercising lately?

  ✓Have you been exercising lately?

  疑問句把 have/has 放在主語前——不用 did。