现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时 = have / has + been + -ing。Been 不变，只有 have/has 随主语变化。

💡三个部分缺一不可：have/has + been + -ing。常见的失误：漏掉 been（I have working），把 been 写成 being（has being working），或忘了加 -ing（has been learn）。

1. 从过去开始、现在还在进行的活动——常和 How long…?、for、since、all day 连用

• It's been raining since lunchtime.

  从中午开始一直在下雨。

• How long have you been learning English?

  你学英语多久了？

• Nam has been working for the same company since 2019.

  阿南从 2019 年起一直在同一家公司工作。

2. 刚刚停止的活动，结果还看得出来

• Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?

  你眼睛红红的，你哭过了吗？

• Sorry I'm so sweaty — I've been running.

  不好意思我一身汗——我刚才在跑步。

3. 最近一再做的事——和 lately、recently、these days 连用

• I've been going to the gym a lot lately.

  我最近经常去健身房。

• Linh hasn't been sleeping well recently.

  阿玲最近一直睡不好。

进行形式强调活动本身和它持续了多长时间；一般形式强调结果——完成了什么、做到了什么。

• I've been reading this book for a week. I'm on page 90.

  这本书我已经读了一个星期，读到第 90 页了。（还没读完）

• I've read three books this month.

  这个月我已经读了三本书。（有数量——已完成）

• She's been writing emails all morning.

  她一上午都在写邮件。

• She's written twelve emails this morning.

  她今天上午已经写了十二封邮件。

💡计算多少（three books、twelve emails、How many…?）→ 通常用一般形式。说多长时间（for two hours、all day、How long…?）→ 通常用进行形式。

know、like、want、believe、belong、have（= 拥有）这类状态动词通常不用进行形式，所以即使说多长时间，也要用现在完成时。

• I've known Hoa since we were at school.

  我从上学时就认识阿花了。（不说：have been knowing）

• How long have you had your cat?

  你养这只猫多久了？（have = 拥有）

live、work、study、teach 用两种形式都对，意思几乎一样。进行形式听起来更临时，一般形式更长久。

• We've been living with my parents since March.

  我们从三月起一直跟我父母住在一起。（临时）

• My grandparents have lived in this village all their lives.

  我爷爷奶奶一辈子都住在这个村子里。（长久）

现在进行时只说某事正在发生。一旦加上多长时间（for、since、How long…?），就要用现在完成进行时。

• We're waiting for the bus.

  我们在等公交车。

• We've been waiting for the bus for forty minutes!

  我们等公交车已经等了四十分钟了！（不说：We are waiting … for forty minutes）

💡中文说“我学英语两年了”，动词没有变化，所以很多人会说 “I'm learning English for two years”，因为这件事还在进行。但一说到多长时间，英语就要用 I've been learning English for two years。

• ✗It is raining since this morning.

  ✓It has been raining since this morning.

  since → 用完成时。

• ✗I have been work here since 2020.

  ✓I have been working here since 2020.

  been + -ing。

• ✗He has being working on this project since March.

  ✓He has been working on this project since March.

  have/has + been，不是 being。

• ✗I have been studying for this exam since three weeks.

  ✓I have been studying for this exam for three weeks.

  three weeks 是一段时间 → for。

• ✗I've been knowing her for years.

  ✓I've known her for years.

  know 是状态动词 → 用一般形式。

• ✗Did you been exercising lately?

  ✓Have you been exercising lately?

  疑问句把 have/has 放在主语前——不用 did。