方位介詞：in / on / at

初級

Prepositions of place: in / on / at

構成與用法

in the box, on the wall, at the door, next to, between, opposite——說明東西在哪裡

1.In, on, at——三個基本概念

介詞	概念	例子
in	在有邊界的空間裡面：盒子、房間、包、城市、國家	in the box, in the kitchen, in my bag, in Hanoi, in Vietnam
on	在表面上，與表面接觸：桌子、牆、地板、書頁	on the table, on the wall, on the floor, on page 12
at	一個點：你站著、碰面或做某事的地方	at the door, at the bus stop, at the traffic lights, at the counter

The keys are in the drawer.
鑰匙在抽屜裡。
There's a calendar on the fridge.
冰箱上貼著一張日曆。
I'll wait for you at the gate.
我在大門口等你。
My brother lives in Da Nang.
我哥哥住在峴港。

照著中文逐字翻譯常會用錯介詞：中文說“天上”，英語卻是 in the sky（不是 on）；中文說“照片上”，英語卻是 in a photo。整個短語一起記，又快又保險。

2.常用短語

in	on	at
in the sky, in the sea	on the left, on the right	at home, at work, at school
in a photo, in the mirror	on the ground floor, on the third floor	at the top / at the bottom of the page
in bed, in hospital（英式）/ in the hospital（美式）	on the bus, on the train, on a plane	at the end of the road
in my pocket, in the street（英式）/ on the street（美式）	on the beach, on a farm, on an island	at a party, at a concert, at the meeting

Minh is still in bed.
阿明還在床上。（睡覺或躺著休息：in bed）
Our flat is on the fifth floor.
我們的公寓在五樓。
I'm staying at home tonight.
我今晚待在家裡。
We met at a friend's wedding.
我們是在一個朋友的婚禮上認識的。
Write your name at the top of the form.
在表格頂部寫上你的名字。

待在自己家裡是 at home——不加 the，也不說 in home。回家是 go home；見“方向介詞：to / at / in / into”一課。

3.In 還是 at：城市和建築物

城市和國家 → 總是用 in：in Hue, in Japan。說建築物（學校、銀行、電影院、車站、酒店）時，通常用 at 表示你為了某件事在那裡，用 in 強調在建築物裡面。某人的家：at Lan's (house), at my grandma's。

I'm at the bank. I'll call you back.
我在銀行，待會兒給你回電話。
It's really cold in the cinema, so bring a jacket.
電影院裡面很冷，帶件外套吧。（強調在裡面）
We stayed at a small hotel in Hoi An.
我們在會安住在一家小旅館。
We had dinner at my grandma's.
我們在外婆家吃了晚飯。（at + 某人's = 在某人家）

4.其他方位介詞

介詞	意思	例句
next to / beside	緊挨著，在旁邊	The pharmacy is next to the bank.
between … and …	在兩樣東西中間	The café is between the bakery and the school.
opposite（美式：across from）	面對面，在（馬路、桌子的）另一邊	The hotel is opposite the market.
in front of	在……前面	There's a tree in front of my house.
behind	在……後面	The car park is behind the supermarket.
under / below	低於（under：在正下方；below：在較低的位置）	The cat is asleep under the chair.
above / over	高於，不接觸	There's a clock above the door.
near	離……不遠	Do you live near the school?

Hoa sits next to me in class.
上課時阿花坐在我旁邊。
The post office is between the bank and the police station.
郵局在銀行和警察局之間。
There's a pharmacy opposite my house, across the road.
我家對面、馬路那邊有一家藥店。
A tall man was standing in front of me, so I couldn't see.
一個高個子男人站在我前面，我什麼都看不見。

不要混淆 in front of 和 opposite。在你家門口、和你家在馬路同一邊的芒果樹，是 in front of 你家。在馬路另一邊、和你家面對面的房子，是 opposite 你家。另外記住：opposite 通常直接放在名詞前；next to 要加 to；in front of 要加 of。

5.常見錯誤

~~My parents live at Vietnam.~~
My parents live in Vietnam.
國家和城市 → 用 in。
~~There's some water in the floor.~~
There's some water on the floor.
地板是一個表面 → 用 on。
~~He's in home today.~~
He's at home today.
在自己家裡 = at home。
~~We had fun in Minh's birthday party.~~
We had fun at Minh's birthday party.
活動（派對、會議、音樂會）→ 用 at。
~~The bank is next the post office.~~
The bank is next to the post office.
next to 要加 to。
~~The shop is between the bank with the café.~~
The shop is between the bank and the café.
固定搭配是 between A and B。

例句

There's a picture on the wall above my bed.
Put the ice cream in the freezer, or it will melt.
Lan was born in Vietnam.
Your phone is on the table.