第 22 課 · 第 2 階段: 常用詞:代詞、冠詞、介詞
時間介詞:at / on / in
初級Prepositions of time: at / on / in
構成與用法
at 7 o'clock, on Monday, in the morning / in 2020 — 哪個介詞搭配哪種時間
1.At, on, in——什麼時候用哪個?
英語用三個不同的詞表示時間:at 表示一個短暫、確切的時間點;on 用於某一天;in 用於較長的一段時間。
| 介詞 | 用於 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 鐘點、確切的時刻 | at 7 o'clock, at 6:30, at noon, at midnight, at lunchtime, at sunset |
| on | 星期幾、日期、特殊的日子 | on Monday, on 2 September, on my birthday, on New Year's Day |
| in | 一天中的某段時間、月份、季節、年份、年代、世紀 | in the morning, in July, in (the) summer, in 2020, in the 1990s, in the 21st century |
My English class starts at half past six.
我的英語課六點半開始。
My parents visit us on Sundays.
我父母每個星期天來看我們。
My grandparents got married in 1975.
我爺爺奶奶是 1975 年結婚的。
It's really hot in Saigon in April.
西貢四月份特別熱。
記憶竅門:想像一個漏斗——in 最寬(年、月、季節),on 窄一些(某一天),at 最小(某一刻)。帶月份的日期仍然是某一天,所以用 on:on 5 July,不是 in 5 July。
2.需要熟記的短語
- in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening——但要說 at night。
- at the weekend(英式英語)= on the weekend(美式英語)。
- at Christmas, at Easter, at Tet(整個節日期間)——但 on Christmas Day, on New Year's Eve(特定的某一天)。
- at the moment(= 現在),at the same time(= 同時)。
- at the beginning of / at the end of the month——另見“On time / in time, at the end / in the end”一課。
- 日期:英式英語寫作 on 5 July,美式英語寫作 on July 5;口語中說 on the fifth of July 或 on July fifth。
My dad works at night and sleeps during the day.
我爸爸晚上上班,白天睡覺。
What are you doing at the weekend?
你週末打算做什麼?
Families get together at Tet.
過春節時一家人會團聚。
Sorry, I'm busy at the moment.
抱歉,我現在正忙。
3.一天中的時段 + 具體某一天
單獨說時是 in the morning,但提到具體某一天或日期時,要用 on:on Monday morning, on Friday evening, on the morning of 10 May。
I usually do yoga in the morning.
我通常早上做瑜伽。
Let's play badminton on Saturday morning.
我們星期六上午去打羽毛球吧。
Do you work on Sunday evenings?
你星期天晚上上班嗎?
4.什麼時候不用介詞
在 next, last, this, every 前面,以及 today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight 前面,都不用 at / on / in。
See you next Friday.
下週五見。(不說:on next Friday)
We went to Da Lat last summer.
我們去年夏天去了大叻。(不說:in last summer)
I go swimming every Thursday.
我每週四去游泳。
Are you free tomorrow afternoon?
你明天下午有空嗎?
在非正式口語中,尤其是美式英語,人們常省略星期幾前面的 on:See you Friday. = See you on Friday. 兩種說法都對;拿不準的話,就保留 on。
5.In + 一段時間:從現在算起多久以後
In + 一段時間還可以表示“從現在算起,過了這麼長時間以後”:in ten minutes, in two weeks, in a moment。它也可以表示做某事花了多長時間。
The bus will be here in five minutes.
公交車五分鐘後到。(不說:after five minutes)
My cousin is getting married in two months.
我表姐兩個月後結婚。
He learned to ride a bike in one day.
他一天就學會了騎腳踏車。(表示花了多長時間)
6.常見錯誤
I study best at the morning.I study best in the morning.
一天中的時段用 in(at night 除外)。
My sister's wedding is on October.My sister's wedding is in October.
月份用 in。
The concert is in 20 May.The concert is on 20 May.
具體的日期用 on。
We have a meeting on next Monday.We have a meeting next Monday.
next / last / this / every 前面不用介詞。
The train leaves in 8:15.The train leaves at 8:15.
鐘點用 at。
I'll call you after ten minutes.I'll call you in ten minutes.
“從現在算起多久以後”用 in。
例句
- The film starts at 8 o'clock.
- My birthday is in July.
- We moved to Da Nang in 2019.
- The shop closes at midnight.
