“will” 表將來

will + 動詞原形——所有主語都一樣，不加 -s，不加 to。口語中通常縮寫成 'll；否定式是 won't（= will not）。

💡不要所有將來的事都用 will。“I'll go to Da Lat tomorrow” 聽起來像是臨時決定的；如果票已經訂好了，要說 I'm going to Da Lat tomorrow。另外要聽仔細：won't /wəʊnt/（美式 /woʊnt/）不是 want /wɒnt/（美式 /wɑːnt/）。

1. 說話時當場做出的決定

• It's cold in here. I'll close the window.

  這裡好冷。我去關窗。

• Hmm, what looks good… I'll have the beef noodles, please.

  嗯，看看什麼好吃……我要牛肉麵，謝謝。

2. 主動提出幫忙、答應別人和承諾

• That box looks heavy. I'll carry it for you.

  那個箱子看起來很重。我來幫你拿。

• Can you pick me up at the station? — Sure, I'll be there at six.

  你能到車站接我嗎？——沒問題，我六點到。

• I won't tell anyone, I promise.

  我不會告訴任何人的，我保證。

3. 請別人做事：Will you…?

• Will you hold my bag for a second?

  你能幫我拿一下包嗎？（比較隨意；更禮貌的說法：Could you…?）

4. 對將來的預測、看法和事實——常和 I think、I'm sure、probably、I expect 連用

• I think you'll love this film.

  我覺得你會喜歡這部電影的。

• Don't worry, I'm sure you'll pass.

  別擔心，我相信你會通過的。

• My sister will be 18 next month.

  我妹妹下個月就 18 歲了。

5. Won't = 不肯、拒絕（人，甚至機器都可以）

• My little brother won't eat vegetables.

  我弟弟就是不肯吃蔬菜。

• The car won't start. I think the battery's dead.

  車發動不起來。我想是電池沒電了。

• probably、definitely、certainly 放在 will 後面，但放在 won't 前面：It'll probably rain. / It probably won't rain.
• 表達否定的看法時，I don't think … will 比 I think … won't 更常用：I don't think she'll come.
• 詢問別人的看法：Do you think it'll rain? What do you think will happen?
• 從最肯定到最不肯定：I'm sure … will → I think / I expect … will → … will probably → I doubt … will（= 大概不會）。

Shall 主要用在主語是 I / we 的疑問句中，用來主動提出幫忙或詢問對方的意願。這在英式英語中很常見；美國人更常說 Should I…? 或 Do you want me to…?

• It's hot in here. Shall I open the window?

  這裡好熱。要我開窗嗎？

• What time shall we meet?

  我們幾點見面？

主動提出幫忙不要用 will I…?：Shall I help you?（不說：Will I help you?）。用 Shall we…? 提建議的用法見“提建議”一課。

Will 適合說話時才決定或判斷的事。如果事情是之前就決定或安排好的，要用 going to 或現在進行時。

• Sorry, I can't come on Friday. I'm working late.

  抱歉，星期五我去不了。我要加班。（已經安排好了）

• I've made up my mind. I'm going to apply for that job.

  我已經拿定主意了。我要去申請那份工作。（早就決定了）

• They need a designer? Then I'll apply too!

  他們需要設計師？那我也去申請！（剛剛才決定）

在 when、as soon as、before、after、until 和 if 後面，即使說的是將來，通常也用一般現在時，而不用 will：I'll call you when I get home。見“表將來的時間狀語從句”一課。

• ✗She will comes back tomorrow.

  ✓She will come back tomorrow.

  will 後面用動詞原形。

• ✗I will to call you later.

  ✓I will call you later.

  will 後面不加 to。

• ✗We willn't be at home on Sunday.

  ✓We won't be at home on Sunday.

  will 的否定式是 won't。

• ✗Do you will come to my party?

  ✓Will you come to my party?

  疑問句把 will 放在前面——不用 do。

• ✗I'll text you when I will get home.

  ✓I'll text you when I get home.

  when 後面用一般現在時。

• ✗Don't worry, I pay you back next week.

  ✓Don't worry, I'll pay you back next week.

  對將來的承諾要用 will。