“will” 表将来

will + 动词原形——所有主语都一样，不加 -s，不加 to。口语中通常缩写成 'll；否定式是 won't（= will not）。

💡不要所有将来的事都用 will。“I'll go to Da Lat tomorrow” 听起来像是临时决定的；如果票已经订好了，要说 I'm going to Da Lat tomorrow。另外要听仔细：won't /wəʊnt/（美式 /woʊnt/）不是 want /wɒnt/（美式 /wɑːnt/）。

1. 说话时当场做出的决定

• It's cold in here. I'll close the window.

  这里好冷。我去关窗。

• Hmm, what looks good… I'll have the beef noodles, please.

  嗯，看看什么好吃……我要牛肉面，谢谢。

2. 主动提出帮忙、答应别人和承诺

• That box looks heavy. I'll carry it for you.

  那个箱子看起来很重。我来帮你拿。

• Can you pick me up at the station? — Sure, I'll be there at six.

  你能到车站接我吗？——没问题，我六点到。

• I won't tell anyone, I promise.

  我不会告诉任何人的，我保证。

3. 请别人做事：Will you…?

• Will you hold my bag for a second?

  你能帮我拿一下包吗？（比较随意；更礼貌的说法：Could you…?）

4. 对将来的预测、看法和事实——常和 I think、I'm sure、probably、I expect 连用

• I think you'll love this film.

  我觉得你会喜欢这部电影的。

• Don't worry, I'm sure you'll pass.

  别担心，我相信你会通过的。

• My sister will be 18 next month.

  我妹妹下个月就 18 岁了。

5. Won't = 不肯、拒绝（人，甚至机器都可以）

• My little brother won't eat vegetables.

  我弟弟就是不肯吃蔬菜。

• The car won't start. I think the battery's dead.

  车发动不起来。我想是电池没电了。

• probably、definitely、certainly 放在 will 后面，但放在 won't 前面：It'll probably rain. / It probably won't rain.
• 表达否定的看法时，I don't think … will 比 I think … won't 更常用：I don't think she'll come.
• 询问别人的看法：Do you think it'll rain? What do you think will happen?
• 从最肯定到最不肯定：I'm sure … will → I think / I expect … will → … will probably → I doubt … will（= 大概不会）。

Shall 主要用在主语是 I / we 的疑问句中，用来主动提出帮忙或询问对方的意愿。这在英式英语中很常见；美国人更常说 Should I…? 或 Do you want me to…?

• It's hot in here. Shall I open the window?

  这里好热。要我开窗吗？

• What time shall we meet?

  我们几点见面？

主动提出帮忙不要用 will I…?：Shall I help you?（不说：Will I help you?）。用 Shall we…? 提建议的用法见“提建议”一课。

Will 适合说话时才决定或判断的事。如果事情是之前就决定或安排好的，要用 going to 或现在进行时。

• Sorry, I can't come on Friday. I'm working late.

  抱歉，星期五我去不了。我要加班。（已经安排好了）

• I've made up my mind. I'm going to apply for that job.

  我已经拿定主意了。我要去申请那份工作。（早就决定了）

• They need a designer? Then I'll apply too!

  他们需要设计师？那我也去申请！（刚刚才决定）

在 when、as soon as、before、after、until 和 if 后面，即使说的是将来，通常也用一般现在时，而不用 will：I'll call you when I get home。见“表将来的时间状语从句”一课。

• ✗She will comes back tomorrow.

  ✓She will come back tomorrow.

  will 后面用动词原形。

• ✗I will to call you later.

  ✓I will call you later.

  will 后面不加 to。

• ✗We willn't be at home on Sunday.

  ✓We won't be at home on Sunday.

  will 的否定式是 won't。

• ✗Do you will come to my party?

  ✓Will you come to my party?

  疑问句把 will 放在前面——不用 do。

• ✗I'll text you when I will get home.

  ✓I'll text you when I get home.

  when 后面用一般现在时。

• ✗Don't worry, I pay you back next week.

  ✓Don't worry, I'll pay you back next week.

  对将来的承诺要用 will。