第 98 課 · 第 8 階段: 形容詞、副詞與介詞
動詞 + 介詞
中級Verb + preposition
構成與用法
depend on, listen to, wait for, deal with — 與固定介詞搭配的動詞
1.句型
很多動詞在賓語前需要固定的介詞：動詞 + 介詞 + 賓語。沒有賓語時，介詞也就去掉。在疑問句中，介詞通常放在句末。
| 結構 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 動詞 + 介詞 + 賓語 | I'm waiting for the bus. |
| 沒有賓語 → 不用介詞 | Wait here. / Listen! |
| 疑問句：介詞放句末 | Who are you talking to? |
| 動詞 + 賓語 + 介詞 | She thanked me for the gift. |
Our plans depend on the weather.
我們的計劃要看天氣。
Does this bag belong to you?
這個包是你的嗎？
I don't know how to deal with this problem.
我不知道怎麼處理這個問題。
What are you looking at?
你在看什麼？
2.常見的動詞 + 介詞搭配
| 介詞 | 動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| to | listen / talk / speak / belong / happen / reply / apologise to | Can I talk to you for a minute? |
| for | wait / look / pay / ask / apply / search for | Who's going to pay for dinner? |
| at | look / laugh / stare / smile / point at | Please don't laugh at me. |
| on | depend / rely / count / concentrate / insist on | You can always count on me. |
| about | think / talk / worry / complain / dream / know about | Don't worry about the exam. |
| of | think / dream / hear / consist of | Have you heard of this band? |
| from | suffer / recover / hear from（得到訊息） | My grandmother suffers from back pain. |
| with | agree / deal / argue / share with | I don't agree with you. |
| in | believe / succeed / specialise in | Do you believe in ghosts? |
3.動詞 + 賓語 + 介詞
有些動詞的賓語（常常是人）緊跟在動詞後面，然後才是介詞。
- thank sb for sth（為某事感謝某人）
- apologise to sb for sth（為某事向某人道歉）
- explain / describe sth to sb（向某人解釋 / 描述某事）
- ask sb for sth（向某人要某物）
- remind sb of sth（讓某人想起某事）；remind sb about sth（提醒某人別忘了某事）
- spend money / time on sth（在某事上花錢 / 花時間）
- protect sb / sth from sth（保護某人 / 某物免受…）
Thank you for your help.
謝謝你的幫助。
Minh apologised to the teacher for being late.
阿明因為遲到向老師道了歉。
Can you explain this word to me?
你能給我解釋一下這個詞嗎？
I asked my boss for a day off.
我向老闆請了一天假。
You remind me of my sister.
你讓我想起了我姐姐。
She spends a lot of money on clothes.
她在衣服上花很多錢。
4.介詞不同，意思也不同
| 動詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look at | 看 | Look at this photo. |
| look for | 尋找 | I'm looking for my keys. |
| look after | 照顧 | Who looks after your dog? |
| think about | 考慮、思考 | I'm thinking about changing jobs. |
| think of | 想出（主意）、想起（名字） | I can't think of a good name. |
| hear about | 聽說某事 | Did you hear about the accident? |
| hear from | 收到某人的訊息 | I haven't heard from Lan for months. |
| agree with / to / on | 同意某人的看法 · 接受提議 · 共同商定 | I agree with you. / He agreed to the plan. / We agreed on a date. |
| shout at / shout to | （生氣地）衝…喊 · 大聲喊（讓人聽見） | Don't shout at me! / She shouted to us from the window. |
徵求意見時，兩種都可以：What do you think of / about my new haircut?（你覺得我的新發型怎麼樣？）
5.不加介詞的動詞
另一方面，很多動詞直接接賓語，不加介詞——儘管中文裡看起來好像需要一個介詞。
| 正確 | 不說 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| discuss the plan | discuss about the plan | 討論 |
| enter the room | enter into the room | 進入 |
| marry someone | marry with someone | 和某人結婚 |
| answer the question | answer to the question | 回答 |
| phone / call your mum | phone to your mum | 給…打電話 |
| reach the station | reach to the station | 到達 |
| tell me the truth | tell to me the truth | 告訴某人 |
| contact us | contact with us | 和…聯絡 |
- 相關的名詞則要加介詞：a discussion about，an answer to，contact with；還有 get married to（見“名詞 + 介詞”一課）。
- arrive in + 城市或國家；arrive at + 建築物或地點（station、airport、hotel）。不說 “arrive to”。
- arrive / get / go home：home 前面不加介詞。
- meet someone 不需要 with；meet with（多為美式）用於正式的會面。
Let's discuss the plan for Tet.
我們來討論一下春節的計劃吧。
Everyone stood up when the teacher entered the room.
老師走進教室時，大家都站了起來。
My aunt married a man from Hue last year.
我姑姑去年嫁給了一個順化人。
Call me when you arrive at the station.
到車站了給我打電話。
中文說“討論一下關於…”“和他結婚”“進入房間”，所以中國學生常在英語不需要介詞的地方加介詞（discuss about、marry with、enter into）；又在需要介詞的地方漏掉（中文說“給我解釋”，就寫成 explain me）。記住：discuss / marry / enter 直接接賓語，而 explain 需要 to：explain to me。
6.常見錯誤
I'm waiting you in front of the cinema.I'm waiting for you in front of the cinema.
wait for + 人 / 事物。
Every night I listen music before bed.Every night I listen to music before bed.
listen to + 賓語。
We discussed about the trip.We discussed the trip.
discuss 不加介詞。
Can you explain me what this word means?Can you explain to me what this word means?
explain (sth) to sb；不說 explain me。
She married with a man from Hue.She married a man from Hue.
marry + 人，不加 with。
It depends of the price.It depends on the price.
depend on。
例句
- I like to listen to music on the bus.
- Can you wait for me outside the school?
- Our plans depend on the weather.
- Excuse me, does this bag belong to you?
