第 98 课 · 第 8 阶段: 形容词、副词与介词
动词 + 介词
中级Verb + preposition
构成与用法
depend on, listen to, wait for, deal with — 与固定介词搭配的动词
1.句型
很多动词在宾语前需要固定的介词：动词 + 介词 + 宾语。没有宾语时，介词也就去掉。在疑问句中，介词通常放在句末。
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 动词 + 介词 + 宾语 | I'm waiting for the bus. |
| 没有宾语 → 不用介词 | Wait here. / Listen! |
| 疑问句：介词放句末 | Who are you talking to? |
| 动词 + 宾语 + 介词 | She thanked me for the gift. |
Our plans depend on the weather.
我们的计划要看天气。
Does this bag belong to you?
这个包是你的吗？
I don't know how to deal with this problem.
我不知道怎么处理这个问题。
What are you looking at?
你在看什么？
2.常见的动词 + 介词搭配
| 介词 | 动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| to | listen / talk / speak / belong / happen / reply / apologise to | Can I talk to you for a minute? |
| for | wait / look / pay / ask / apply / search for | Who's going to pay for dinner? |
| at | look / laugh / stare / smile / point at | Please don't laugh at me. |
| on | depend / rely / count / concentrate / insist on | You can always count on me. |
| about | think / talk / worry / complain / dream / know about | Don't worry about the exam. |
| of | think / dream / hear / consist of | Have you heard of this band? |
| from | suffer / recover / hear from（得到消息） | My grandmother suffers from back pain. |
| with | agree / deal / argue / share with | I don't agree with you. |
| in | believe / succeed / specialise in | Do you believe in ghosts? |
3.动词 + 宾语 + 介词
有些动词的宾语（常常是人）紧跟在动词后面，然后才是介词。
- thank sb for sth（为某事感谢某人）
- apologise to sb for sth（为某事向某人道歉）
- explain / describe sth to sb（向某人解释 / 描述某事）
- ask sb for sth（向某人要某物）
- remind sb of sth（让某人想起某事）；remind sb about sth（提醒某人别忘了某事）
- spend money / time on sth（在某事上花钱 / 花时间）
- protect sb / sth from sth（保护某人 / 某物免受…）
Thank you for your help.
谢谢你的帮助。
Minh apologised to the teacher for being late.
阿明因为迟到向老师道了歉。
Can you explain this word to me?
你能给我解释一下这个词吗？
I asked my boss for a day off.
我向老板请了一天假。
You remind me of my sister.
你让我想起了我姐姐。
She spends a lot of money on clothes.
她在衣服上花很多钱。
4.介词不同，意思也不同
| 动词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look at | 看 | Look at this photo. |
| look for | 寻找 | I'm looking for my keys. |
| look after | 照顾 | Who looks after your dog? |
| think about | 考虑、思考 | I'm thinking about changing jobs. |
| think of | 想出（主意）、想起（名字） | I can't think of a good name. |
| hear about | 听说某事 | Did you hear about the accident? |
| hear from | 收到某人的消息 | I haven't heard from Lan for months. |
| agree with / to / on | 同意某人的看法 · 接受提议 · 共同商定 | I agree with you. / He agreed to the plan. / We agreed on a date. |
| shout at / shout to | （生气地）冲…喊 · 大声喊（让人听见） | Don't shout at me! / She shouted to us from the window. |
征求意见时，两种都可以：What do you think of / about my new haircut?（你觉得我的新发型怎么样？）
5.不加介词的动词
另一方面，很多动词直接接宾语，不加介词——尽管中文里看起来好像需要一个介词。
| 正确 | 不说 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| discuss the plan | discuss about the plan | 讨论 |
| enter the room | enter into the room | 进入 |
| marry someone | marry with someone | 和某人结婚 |
| answer the question | answer to the question | 回答 |
| phone / call your mum | phone to your mum | 给…打电话 |
| reach the station | reach to the station | 到达 |
| tell me the truth | tell to me the truth | 告诉某人 |
| contact us | contact with us | 和…联系 |
- 相关的名词则要加介词：a discussion about，an answer to，contact with；还有 get married to（见“名词 + 介词”一课）。
- arrive in + 城市或国家；arrive at + 建筑物或地点（station、airport、hotel）。不说 “arrive to”。
- arrive / get / go home：home 前面不加介词。
- meet someone 不需要 with；meet with（多为美式）用于正式的会面。
Let's discuss the plan for Tet.
我们来讨论一下春节的计划吧。
Everyone stood up when the teacher entered the room.
老师走进教室时，大家都站了起来。
My aunt married a man from Hue last year.
我姑姑去年嫁给了一个顺化人。
Call me when you arrive at the station.
到车站了给我打电话。
中文说“讨论一下关于…”“和他结婚”“进入房间”，所以中国学生常在英语不需要介词的地方加介词（discuss about、marry with、enter into）；又在需要介词的地方漏掉（中文说“给我解释”，就写成 explain me）。记住：discuss / marry / enter 直接接宾语，而 explain 需要 to：explain to me。
6.常见错误
I'm waiting you in front of the cinema.I'm waiting for you in front of the cinema.
wait for + 人 / 事物。
Every night I listen music before bed.Every night I listen to music before bed.
listen to + 宾语。
We discussed about the trip.We discussed the trip.
discuss 不加介词。
Can you explain me what this word means?Can you explain to me what this word means?
explain (sth) to sb；不说 explain me。
She married with a man from Hue.She married a man from Hue.
marry + 人，不加 with。
It depends of the price.It depends on the price.
depend on。
例句
- I like to listen to music on the bus.
- Can you wait for me outside the school?
- Our plans depend on the weather.
- Excuse me, does this bag belong to you?
