All / every / each / whole

every 和 each 後面接單數名詞，動詞也用單數——儘管意思是“所有”。all 後面接複數名詞（或不可數名詞）。

• Every student in my class has a laptop.

  我們班每個學生都有一臺筆記型電腦。

• All the students in my class have a laptop.

  我們班所有學生都有筆記型電腦。（all + 複數）

• Each ticket costs 100,000 dong.

  每張票十萬越南盾。

💡中文說“每個學生都……”，意思是“所有”，所以學習者常寫出 “every students”。記住：every / each 後面的名詞永遠是單數，動詞也一樣：Every student has…, Each of them is…

很多時候兩個都可以用（each time / every time），但語感和用法有所不同：

• The teacher spoke to each student separately.

  老師單獨和每個學生談了話。

• Every seat on the bus was taken.

  公交車上的每個座位都坐滿了。（整個群體）

• She had a bag in each hand.

  她兩隻手各拎著一個包。（兩隻手 → 用 each，不用 every）

• There's a bus every fifteen minutes.

  每十五分鐘有一班公交車。（表示頻率 → 用 every）

• I've read every one of her books.

  她的每一本書我都讀過。（不說：every of）

• Each of them got a small present.

  他們每人都收到了一份小禮物。

each 還可以放在名詞後面、主語後面或句末：The mangoes are 20,000 dong each（= 一個芒果的價格）。We each got a present（= 我們每個人）。

• every day / every morning / every week = 一次又一次，每天 / 每個早上 / 每週——說明頻率。
• all day / all morning / all week = 一整天 / 一整個早上 / 一整週，從頭到尾。通常說 all day，不加 the。
• the whole day / the whole morning = all day / all morning。
• all the time = 總是、一直；every time = 每一次。

• My dad reads the news every morning.

  我爸爸每天早上看新聞。

• It rained all morning, so we stayed inside.

  下了一上午的雨，所以我們待在屋裡。

• I worked the whole day without a break.

  我一整天都在工作，沒休息。（= all day）

• She's on her phone all the time.

  她一直在玩手機。

• Every time I call him, he's busy.

  每次我給他打電話，他都在忙。

💡“All day” 和 “every day” 差別很大：I studied all day = 某一天從早學到晚；I study every day = 天天都學。表示“每天”時不要說 “all days”。

whole = 完整的、整個的。它和單數可數名詞連用，前面要有 the / my / a…：the whole book, my whole life, a whole pizza。不可數名詞通常用 all，不用 whole：all the money, all the information。注意詞序：the whole（the 在前），而 all the（the 在後）。

• I ate the whole pizza by myself.

  我一個人吃掉了一整個披薩。

• She has lived in Hoi An her whole life.

  她一輩子都住在會安。

• Did you spend all the money I gave you?

  我給你的錢你全花光了嗎？（不說：the whole money）

• The whole class laughed at his joke.

  全班都被他的笑話逗笑了。

表示“每個人”和“每樣東西”，用 everyone / everybody / everything，動詞用單數。我們通常不單獨用 all 來表達這個意思：要說 Everyone was happy，不說 “All were happy”；要說 He knows everything，不說 “He knows all”。但 all + 從句 = “唯一的東西”：All I want is…

• Everyone is waiting for you outside.

  大家都在外面等你。

• Everything was perfect at the wedding.

  婚禮上一切都很完美。

• Everybody brought their own food.

  每個人都帶了自己的食物。（everybody 是單數，但用 their）

• All I want right now is a cold drink.

  我現在只想喝一杯冷飲。（all = 唯一的東西）

everyone（一個詞）= 每個人。every one（兩個詞）= 前面提到的那組中的每一個：I tried on five dresses, and every one was too small.

• ✗Every students must bring a pen.

  ✓Every student must bring a pen.

  every + 單數名詞。

• ✗Everyone are waiting outside.

  ✓Everyone is waiting outside.

  everyone → 動詞用單數。

• ✗It rained the all day.

  ✓It rained all day. / It rained the whole day.

  all day 不加 the；the 放在 whole 前面。

• ✗We spent whole weekend at the beach.

  ✓We spent the whole weekend at the beach.

  whole 前面要有 the / my…。

• ✗I go swimming all days.

  ✓I go swimming every day.

  表示頻率 → every day。

• ✗Every of my sisters has a bike.

  ✓Each of my sisters has a bike. / Every one of my sisters has a bike.

  every 不能直接放在 of 前面。