All / every / each / whole

every 和 each 后面接单数名词，动词也用单数——尽管意思是“所有”。all 后面接复数名词（或不可数名词）。

• Every student in my class has a laptop.

  我们班每个学生都有一台笔记本电脑。

• All the students in my class have a laptop.

  我们班所有学生都有笔记本电脑。（all + 复数）

• Each ticket costs 100,000 dong.

  每张票十万越南盾。

💡中文说“每个学生都……”，意思是“所有”，所以学习者常写出 “every students”。记住：every / each 后面的名词永远是单数，动词也一样：Every student has…, Each of them is…

很多时候两个都可以用（each time / every time），但语感和用法有所不同：

• The teacher spoke to each student separately.

  老师单独和每个学生谈了话。

• Every seat on the bus was taken.

  公交车上的每个座位都坐满了。（整个群体）

• She had a bag in each hand.

  她两只手各拎着一个包。（两只手 → 用 each，不用 every）

• There's a bus every fifteen minutes.

  每十五分钟有一班公交车。（表示频率 → 用 every）

• I've read every one of her books.

  她的每一本书我都读过。（不说：every of）

• Each of them got a small present.

  他们每人都收到了一份小礼物。

each 还可以放在名词后面、主语后面或句末：The mangoes are 20,000 dong each（= 一个芒果的价格）。We each got a present（= 我们每个人）。

• every day / every morning / every week = 一次又一次，每天 / 每个早上 / 每周——说明频率。
• all day / all morning / all week = 一整天 / 一整个早上 / 一整周，从头到尾。通常说 all day，不加 the。
• the whole day / the whole morning = all day / all morning。
• all the time = 总是、一直；every time = 每一次。

• My dad reads the news every morning.

  我爸爸每天早上看新闻。

• It rained all morning, so we stayed inside.

  下了一上午的雨，所以我们待在屋里。

• I worked the whole day without a break.

  我一整天都在工作，没休息。（= all day）

• She's on her phone all the time.

  她一直在玩手机。

• Every time I call him, he's busy.

  每次我给他打电话，他都在忙。

💡“All day” 和 “every day” 差别很大：I studied all day = 某一天从早学到晚；I study every day = 天天都学。表示“每天”时不要说 “all days”。

whole = 完整的、整个的。它和单数可数名词连用，前面要有 the / my / a…：the whole book, my whole life, a whole pizza。不可数名词通常用 all，不用 whole：all the money, all the information。注意词序：the whole（the 在前），而 all the（the 在后）。

• I ate the whole pizza by myself.

  我一个人吃掉了一整个披萨。

• She has lived in Hoi An her whole life.

  她一辈子都住在会安。

• Did you spend all the money I gave you?

  我给你的钱你全花光了吗？（不说：the whole money）

• The whole class laughed at his joke.

  全班都被他的笑话逗笑了。

表示“每个人”和“每样东西”，用 everyone / everybody / everything，动词用单数。我们通常不单独用 all 来表达这个意思：要说 Everyone was happy，不说 “All were happy”；要说 He knows everything，不说 “He knows all”。但 all + 从句 = “唯一的东西”：All I want is…

• Everyone is waiting for you outside.

  大家都在外面等你。

• Everything was perfect at the wedding.

  婚礼上一切都很完美。

• Everybody brought their own food.

  每个人都带了自己的食物。（everybody 是单数，但用 their）

• All I want right now is a cold drink.

  我现在只想喝一杯冷饮。（all = 唯一的东西）

everyone（一个词）= 每个人。every one（两个词）= 前面提到的那组中的每一个：I tried on five dresses, and every one was too small.

• ✗Every students must bring a pen.

  ✓Every student must bring a pen.

  every + 单数名词。

• ✗Everyone are waiting outside.

  ✓Everyone is waiting outside.

  everyone → 动词用单数。

• ✗It rained the all day.

  ✓It rained all day. / It rained the whole day.

  all day 不加 the；the 放在 whole 前面。

• ✗We spent whole weekend at the beach.

  ✓We spent the whole weekend at the beach.

  whole 前面要有 the / my…。

• ✗I go swimming all days.

  ✓I go swimming every day.

  表示频率 → every day。

• ✗Every of my sisters has a bike.

  ✓Each of my sisters has a bike. / Every one of my sisters has a bike.

  every 不能直接放在 of 前面。