以 -ed 和 -ing 结尾的形容词

很多表示情感的形容词都是成对出现的，由同一个动词变来（bore、interest、tire、excite…）。-ed 形式说的是某人的感受；-ing 形式描述的是引起这种感受的人、事物或情况。

• The film was boring, so I was bored.

  这部电影很无聊，所以我觉得很没意思。（电影引起感受 → boring；我感受到 → bored）

• Lan is interested in the course because it's really interesting.

  阿兰对这门课很感兴趣，因为它真的很有意思。

• After a tiring day at work, I'm too tired to cook.

  上了一天累人的班，我累得不想做饭了。

💡中文常常用同一个词表达这两层意思：“这部电影很无聊”“我很无聊”。英语却把它们分开：有这种感受的人 → bored，引起这种感受的事物 → boring。选词之前先问一问：主语是感受到这种情绪，还是引起这种情绪？

-ing 形容词也可以用来描述人，但意思完全不同：I'm bored = 我觉得无聊；I'm boring = 我让别人觉得无聊（我这个人很无趣）。同样，She's interested = 她想了解更多；She's interesting = 她是个有意思的人。

• Minh talks about his car all the time. He's so boring.

  阿明整天都在聊他的车。他这个人真没劲。

• Our new teacher is really interesting — we never get bored in her class.

  我们的新老师真的很有意思——上她的课我们从来不觉得无聊。

• I was confused because his explanation was so confusing.

  我一头雾水，因为他的解释太让人糊涂了。

• Stop clicking your pen — it's really annoying!

  别再按你的笔了——真的很烦人！

下面这些句型你会经常遇到：

• -ed 形容词放在 be、feel、get、look、seem 后面：I feel relaxed，she got bored，you look worried。
• -ed 形容词常常搭配固定的介词：interested in，bored with（口语中也说 bored of），excited about，worried about，surprised at / by，disappointed with / by，tired of（= 厌烦），frightened / scared of。另见“形容词 + 介词”一课。
• -ing 形容词常放在名词前面，描述事物或事件：a boring meeting，an exciting match，surprising news。
• find + 某事物 + -ing 形容词 用来表达你对它的看法：I find this app confusing。

• I'm really excited about the trip to Da Lat.

  我真的很期待去大叻旅行。

• My parents get worried when I come home late.

  我回家晚了，爸妈就会担心。

• Hoa is tired of eating instant noodles every day.

  阿花天天吃方便面，已经吃腻了。（tired of = 厌烦，不是“需要休息”）

• We watched an exciting match last night.

  我们昨晚看了一场精彩的比赛。

• Do you find English grammar confusing?

  你觉得英语语法难懂吗？

这些形容词的 -ed 结尾读法和过去式词尾完全一样：在 t 和 d 后读 /ɪd/（interested、excited、disappointed）；在 k、s、ʃ 等清辅音后读 /t/（shocked、relaxed、embarrassed）；在其他音后读 /d/（bored、tired、surprised、annoyed、confused、worried、frightened）。

💡中文的音节不以 /d/、/t/ 这样的辅音结尾，所以很多同学会把词尾吞掉：bored 听起来像 bore，relaxed 像 relax——对方听到的就成了动词，而不是形容词。要把结尾的 /d/ 或 /t/ 读清楚。

• ✗I'm boring. Let's go out.

  ✓I'm bored. Let's go out.

  自己的感受 → -ed。I'm boring = 你让别人觉得无聊。

• ✗The match was very excited.

  ✓The match was very exciting.

  比赛引起感受 → -ing。

• ✗I'm interesting in music.

  ✓I'm interested in music.

  有这种感受的是你 → interested in。

• ✗This map is so confused.

  ✓This map is so confusing.

  地图让人看不懂 → -ing。

• ✗I was very embarrassing when I fell over.

  ✓I was very embarrassed when I fell over.

  自己的感受 → -ed。

• ✗I'm very tiring today.

  ✓I'm very tired today.

  你感受到的 → tired；tiring 指让你累的活动。