第 89 課 · 第 8 階段: 形容詞、副詞與介詞
以 -ed 和 -ing 結尾的形容詞
中級Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
構成與用法
bored vs boring, interested vs interesting — 自己的感受與引起感受的事物
1.-ed 還是 -ing?
很多表示情感的形容詞都是成對出現的,由同一個動詞變來(bore、interest、tire、excite…)。-ed 形式說的是某人的感受;-ing 形式描述的是引起這種感受的人、事物或情況。
The film was boring, so I was bored.
這部電影很無聊,所以我覺得很沒意思。(電影引起感受 → boring;我感受到 → bored)
Lan is interested in the course because it's really interesting.
阿蘭對這門課很感興趣,因為它真的很有意思。
After a tiring day at work, I'm too tired to cook.
上了一天累人的班,我累得不想做飯了。
| -ed:你的感受 | -ing:引起感受的東西 | 感受 |
|---|---|---|
| bored | boring | 沒興趣、無聊 |
| interested | interesting | 想了解更多 |
| tired | tiring | 需要休息 |
| excited | exciting | 開心又期待 |
| surprised | surprising | 沒想到、意外 |
| confused | confusing | 弄不明白 |
| embarrassed | embarrassing | 在別人面前覺得丟臉 |
| worried | worrying | 怕有壞事發生 |
| disappointed | disappointing | 沒有期望的那麼好,感到失望 |
| annoyed | annoying | 有點生氣、煩 |
| frightened | frightening | 害怕 |
| relaxed | relaxing | 放鬆、平靜 |
中文常常用同一個詞表達這兩層意思:“這部電影很無聊”“我很無聊”。英語卻把它們分開:有這種感受的人 → bored,引起這種感受的事物 → boring。選詞之前先問一問:主語是感受到這種情緒,還是引起這種情緒?
2.人也可以用 “-ing”
-ing 形容詞也可以用來描述人,但意思完全不同:I'm bored = 我覺得無聊;I'm boring = 我讓別人覺得無聊(我這個人很無趣)。同樣,She's interested = 她想了解更多;She's interesting = 她是個有意思的人。
Minh talks about his car all the time. He's so boring.
阿明整天都在聊他的車。他這個人真沒勁。
Our new teacher is really interesting — we never get bored in her class.
我們的新老師真的很有意思——上她的課我們從來不覺得無聊。
I was confused because his explanation was so confusing.
我一頭霧水,因為他的解釋太讓人糊塗了。
Stop clicking your pen — it's really annoying!
別再按你的筆了——真的很煩人!
3.常見句型
下面這些句型你會經常遇到:
- -ed 形容詞放在 be、feel、get、look、seem 後面:I feel relaxed,she got bored,you look worried。
- -ed 形容詞常常搭配固定的介詞:interested in,bored with(口語中也說 bored of),excited about,worried about,surprised at / by,disappointed with / by,tired of(= 厭煩),frightened / scared of。另見“形容詞 + 介詞”一課。
- -ing 形容詞常放在名詞前面,描述事物或事件:a boring meeting,an exciting match,surprising news。
- find + 某事物 + -ing 形容詞 用來表達你對它的看法:I find this app confusing。
I'm really excited about the trip to Da Lat.
我真的很期待去大叻旅行。
My parents get worried when I come home late.
我回家晚了,爸媽就會擔心。
Hoa is tired of eating instant noodles every day.
阿花天天吃泡麵,已經吃膩了。(tired of = 厭煩,不是“需要休息”)
We watched an exciting match last night.
我們昨晚看了一場精彩的比賽。
Do you find English grammar confusing?
你覺得英語語法難懂嗎?
4.-ed 結尾怎麼讀
這些形容詞的 -ed 結尾讀法和過去式詞尾完全一樣:在 t 和 d 後讀 /ɪd/(interested、excited、disappointed);在 k、s、ʃ 等清子音後讀 /t/(shocked、relaxed、embarrassed);在其他音後讀 /d/(bored、tired、surprised、annoyed、confused、worried、frightened)。
中文的音節不以 /d/、/t/ 這樣的子音結尾,所以很多同學會把詞尾吞掉:bored 聽起來像 bore,relaxed 像 relax——對方聽到的就成了動詞,而不是形容詞。要把結尾的 /d/ 或 /t/ 讀清楚。
5.常見錯誤
I'm boring. Let's go out.I'm bored. Let's go out.
自己的感受 → -ed。I'm boring = 你讓別人覺得無聊。
The match was very excited.The match was very exciting.
比賽引起感受 → -ing。
I'm interesting in music.I'm interested in music.
有這種感受的是你 → interested in。
This map is so confused.This map is so confusing.
地圖讓人看不懂 → -ing。
I was very embarrassing when I fell over.I was very embarrassed when I fell over.
自己的感受 → -ed。
I'm very tiring today.I'm very tired today.
你感受到的 → tired;tiring 指讓你累的活動。
例句
- The lesson was really boring, so half the class fell asleep.
- I'm really interested in history, so I love visiting museums.
- We were very excited about the trip to Phu Quoc.
- This map is really confusing. I can't find our hotel.
