強調句（分裂句）

強調句（分裂句）把一個普通句子拆成兩部分，把焦點放在其中一條資訊上——通常是新資訊，或者是對聽話人想法的糾正。主要有兩種型別：It + be + X + that / who… 和 What… + be + X。以 Minh fixed the printer yesterday 為例，可以分別強調各個部分：

💡說強調句時，要重讀被強調的部分：It was MINH who fixed it. 句型和重音一起起作用。

It is / It was + 被強調的部分 + that / who + 其餘部分。 被強調的部分可以是人、物、時間、地點、原因或介詞短語。

• 人：用 who 或 that——It was my aunt who / that taught me。指人不要用 which。
• 物、時間、地點、原因：標準用法是 that——It was in Hue that…，It was because of the rain that…。這些短語後面不要用 where / when / why。
• It 後面的動詞總是用單數——It was my parents who…（不說：It were）。但 who / that 後面的動詞要與 X 一致：It's the students who choose…。
• 現在 → It is / It's，過去 → It was。否定句和疑問句：It wasn't me who…，Was it you who…?，Who was it that called?
• 與 not until 連用：It was not until midnight that the guests left = 客人們一直待到半夜，直到那時才離開。
• 代詞：It was me who… 是正常說法；It was I who… 非常正式。

• It was my grandfather who taught me to ride a motorbike.

  是我爺爺教我騎摩托車的。

• It's the noise that keeps me awake, not the heat.

  讓我睡不著的是噪音，不是炎熱。

• It was in Hoi An that my parents first met.

  我爸媽就是在會安第一次相遇的。

• It wasn't until I moved out that I learned to cook.

  直到搬出去住，我才學會做飯。

• Was it you who left the window open?

  是你沒關窗戶嗎？

What + 從句 的意思是“……的東西 / 事情”。整個 What… 部分是一個單數主語，所以用 is / was，重要資訊放在句末。這種型別在口語中非常常見——它讓聽話人為要點做好準備。

What … do / did + is / was 之後，說話人通常用不帶 to 的動詞原形（What I did was call…）；加上 to 也正確，只是稍微正式一點。不要重複主語：不說 “What I did was I called…”。

• What I love about Hue is the slow pace of life.

  我喜歡順化的地方，是那裡慢節奏的生活。

• What we need is more time, not more money.

  我們需要的是更多時間，而不是更多錢。

• What she did was call the airline directly.

  她做的是直接打電話給航空公司。

• What happened was the taxi never showed up.

  事情是這樣的：計程車一直沒來。（口語中常用來開始講故事）

還有幾種句型也起同樣的作用：

• All + 從句 意思是“唯一……的”，動詞用單數：All I want is…。在 All you have to do is… 之後，通常用不帶 to 的動詞原形。
• The thing (that)… / The only thing… / The reason (why)… / The person who… + is / was + 被強調的部分。
• 反向句型 X + is + what / where / why…：That's what I mean. This is where I grew up. 這裡用 where / when / why 完全正常。

• All I want is a quiet weekend at home.

  我只想在家過一個安靜的週末。

• All you have to do is press this button.

  你只需要按一下這個按鈕。

• The reason I called is that I need your help.

  我打電話來是因為我需要你幫忙。（口語中也會聽到 is because；正式書面語更喜歡用 is that）

• That's what I was trying to say!

  這正是我想說的！

• This is where I grew up.

  這就是我長大的地方。

💡口語中很多常見的開頭其實都是強調句：What I mean is…、The thing is…、What I'd like to know is…——見“口語句式”一課。

• ✗What I need it is a cup of coffee.

  ✓What I need is a cup of coffee.

  What I need 已經是主語了；it 是多餘的主語。

• ✗It was my parents which paid for the trip.

  ✓It was my parents who paid for the trip.

  人 → who / that。

• ✗It was in Da Nang where I learned to surf.

  ✓It was in Da Nang that I learned to surf.

  在強調句中，地點短語後面用 that。

• ✗It was because I was ill why I missed the exam.

  ✓It was because I was ill that I missed the exam.

  原因也用 that。

• ✗It is the students who chooses the topic each week.

  ✓It is the students who choose the topic each week.

  who 後面的動詞與 the students（複數）一致。

• ✗What I did was I called the police.

  ✓What I did was call the police.

  What … did was 之後用動詞原形（帶不帶 to 都可以）——不要再加一個主語。