强调句（分裂句）

强调句（分裂句）把一个普通句子拆成两部分，把焦点放在其中一条信息上——通常是新信息，或者是对听话人想法的纠正。主要有两种类型：It + be + X + that / who… 和 What… + be + X。以 Minh fixed the printer yesterday 为例，可以分别强调各个部分：

💡说强调句时，要重读被强调的部分：It was MINH who fixed it. 句型和重音一起起作用。

It is / It was + 被强调的部分 + that / who + 其余部分。 被强调的部分可以是人、物、时间、地点、原因或介词短语。

• 人：用 who 或 that——It was my aunt who / that taught me。指人不要用 which。
• 物、时间、地点、原因：标准用法是 that——It was in Hue that…，It was because of the rain that…。这些短语后面不要用 where / when / why。
• It 后面的动词总是用单数——It was my parents who…（不说：It were）。但 who / that 后面的动词要与 X 一致：It's the students who choose…。
• 现在 → It is / It's，过去 → It was。否定句和疑问句：It wasn't me who…，Was it you who…?，Who was it that called?
• 与 not until 连用：It was not until midnight that the guests left = 客人们一直待到半夜，直到那时才离开。
• 代词：It was me who… 是正常说法；It was I who… 非常正式。

• It was my grandfather who taught me to ride a motorbike.

  是我爷爷教我骑摩托车的。

• It's the noise that keeps me awake, not the heat.

  让我睡不着的是噪音，不是炎热。

• It was in Hoi An that my parents first met.

  我爸妈就是在会安第一次相遇的。

• It wasn't until I moved out that I learned to cook.

  直到搬出去住，我才学会做饭。

• Was it you who left the window open?

  是你没关窗户吗？

What + 从句 的意思是“……的东西 / 事情”。整个 What… 部分是一个单数主语，所以用 is / was，重要信息放在句末。这种类型在口语中非常常见——它让听话人为要点做好准备。

What … do / did + is / was 之后，说话人通常用不带 to 的动词原形（What I did was call…）；加上 to 也正确，只是稍微正式一点。不要重复主语：不说 “What I did was I called…”。

• What I love about Hue is the slow pace of life.

  我喜欢顺化的地方，是那里慢节奏的生活。

• What we need is more time, not more money.

  我们需要的是更多时间，而不是更多钱。

• What she did was call the airline directly.

  她做的是直接打电话给航空公司。

• What happened was the taxi never showed up.

  事情是这样的：出租车一直没来。（口语中常用来开始讲故事）

还有几种句型也起同样的作用：

• All + 从句 意思是“唯一……的”，动词用单数：All I want is…。在 All you have to do is… 之后，通常用不带 to 的动词原形。
• The thing (that)… / The only thing… / The reason (why)… / The person who… + is / was + 被强调的部分。
• 反向句型 X + is + what / where / why…：That's what I mean. This is where I grew up. 这里用 where / when / why 完全正常。

• All I want is a quiet weekend at home.

  我只想在家过一个安静的周末。

• All you have to do is press this button.

  你只需要按一下这个按钮。

• The reason I called is that I need your help.

  我打电话来是因为我需要你帮忙。（口语中也会听到 is because；正式书面语更喜欢用 is that）

• That's what I was trying to say!

  这正是我想说的！

• This is where I grew up.

  这就是我长大的地方。

💡口语中很多常见的开头其实都是强调句：What I mean is…、The thing is…、What I'd like to know is…——见“口语句式”一课。

• ✗What I need it is a cup of coffee.

  ✓What I need is a cup of coffee.

  What I need 已经是主语了；it 是多余的主语。

• ✗It was my parents which paid for the trip.

  ✓It was my parents who paid for the trip.

  人 → who / that。

• ✗It was in Da Nang where I learned to surf.

  ✓It was in Da Nang that I learned to surf.

  在强调句中，地点短语后面用 that。

• ✗It was because I was ill why I missed the exam.

  ✓It was because I was ill that I missed the exam.

  原因也用 that。

• ✗It is the students who chooses the topic each week.

  ✓It is the students who choose the topic each week.

  who 后面的动词与 the students（复数）一致。

• ✗What I did was I called the police.

  ✓What I did was call the police.

  What … did was 之后用动词原形（带不带 to 都可以）——不要再加一个主语。