第 61 課 · 第 4 階段: 時態與情態動詞
“would rather” / “had better”
中級“Would rather” / “had better”
構成與用法
would rather + 動詞，had better + 動詞 — 偏好和強烈建議
1.Had better——語氣強烈的建議
had better ('d better) + 動詞原形（不加 to）= 你最好這樣做，否則會有麻煩或危險。雖然裡面有 “had”，但說的是現在 / 將來，不是過去。否定式：had better not + 動詞。
| 例句 | |
|---|---|
| 肯定式 | You'd better (= You had better) go now. |
| 否定式 | You'd better not tell anyone. |
| 疑問式（不常用） | Hadn't we better call a taxi? |
It's going to rain. You'd better take an umbrella.
要下雨了，你最好帶把傘。
We'd better leave now, or we'll miss the train.
我們最好現在就走，不然就趕不上火車了。
You'd better not be late for the interview.
面試你最好別遲到。
'd better 裡的 'd = had；'d rather 裡的 'd = would。在語速快、隨意的口語中，人們常省掉 'd（“You better go”）——這是非正式說法；書面上要寫 'd better 或 had better。
2.Had better 還是 should？
- should：一般的建議或看法；什麼場合都可以用。
- had better：具體的情況、就在眼下，不做的話會有後果。
- had better 語氣很強，有時像警告（You'd better pay me back!）。對上司或長輩，用 should 或 “Maybe you could…” 更禮貌。
- had better 不用於過去；表示“當時那樣做就好了”，用 should have + V3。
You should read more English books.
你應該多讀些英文書。（一般的建議）
The exam is tomorrow. You'd better go to bed early.
明天就考試了，你最好早點睡。（具體情況，有後果）
3.Would rather——偏好
would rather ('d rather) + 動詞原形（不加 to）= 在某個具體情況下寧願做某事。比較兩個動作：would rather + 動詞 + than + 動詞（兩個都用原形）。否定式：would rather not + 動詞。
I'd rather stay in tonight. I'm really tired.
我今晚寧願待在家裡，我實在太累了。
I'd rather walk than take a taxi.
我寧願走路也不想打車。
Would you rather have tea or coffee?
你想喝茶還是咖啡？
Shall we go to karaoke? — I'd rather not.
我們去唱卡拉 OK 吧？——我還是不去了。（委婉的拒絕）
4.Would rather + 人 + 過去式
希望別人做（或不做）某事時，用 would rather + 主語 + 一般過去時。動詞是過去式，但意思是現在 / 將來。否定用 didn't。“I'd rather you didn't” 是拒絕或請別人別做某事的一種非常禮貌的說法。
I'd rather you didn't smoke in the car.
我希望你別在車裡抽菸。
My parents would rather I studied medicine.
我爸媽更希望我學醫。
Shall I call him now? — I'd rather you waited until tomorrow.
我現在給他打電話嗎？——我倒希望你等到明天再說。
5.Prefer、would prefer 和 would rather
| 句型 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| prefer + noun / -ing + to + noun / -ing | 一般的喜好 | I prefer tea to coffee. / She prefers walking to cycling. |
| would prefer + to-verb (+ rather than + verb) | 現在想要的 | I'd prefer to eat at home tonight. |
| would rather + verb (+ than + verb) | 現在想要的，更口語化 | I'd rather eat at home tonight. |
| would prefer + person + to-verb | 希望別人做的事 | I'd prefer you to drive. |
| would rather + person + past | 希望別人做的事 | I'd rather you drove. |
不要把連線詞弄混：prefer A to B（不用 than），而 would rather A than B（不用 to）：I prefer tea to coffee. / I'd rather have tea than coffee.
6.常見錯誤
You had better to see a doctor.You had better see a doctor.
had better 後面不加 to。
You'd better don't drive tonight.You'd better not drive tonight.
否定式：had better not + 動詞。
You would better ask first.You had better ask first.
'd better 是 had better，不是 would。
I'd rather to walk.I'd rather walk.
would rather 後面用不帶 to 的動詞原形。
I'd rather you don't tell anyone.I'd rather you didn't tell anyone.
would rather + 人 + 過去式；口語中有時能聽到現在時，但過去式才是標準用法。
I prefer tea than coffee.I prefer tea to coffee.
prefer A to B。
例句
- It's very late. You'd better go home now.
- I'd rather stay at home than go out in this rain.
- I'd rather cycle to school than take the bus.
- My exam is tomorrow, so I'd better revise tonight.
