第 61 课 · 第 4 阶段: 时态与情态动词
“would rather” / “had better”
中级“Would rather” / “had better”
构成与用法
would rather + 动词，had better + 动词 — 偏好和强烈建议
1.Had better——语气强烈的建议
had better ('d better) + 动词原形（不加 to）= 你最好这样做，否则会有麻烦或危险。虽然里面有 “had”，但说的是现在 / 将来，不是过去。否定式：had better not + 动词。
| 例句 | |
|---|---|
| 肯定式 | You'd better (= You had better) go now. |
| 否定式 | You'd better not tell anyone. |
| 疑问式（不常用） | Hadn't we better call a taxi? |
It's going to rain. You'd better take an umbrella.
要下雨了，你最好带把伞。
We'd better leave now, or we'll miss the train.
我们最好现在就走，不然就赶不上火车了。
You'd better not be late for the interview.
面试你最好别迟到。
'd better 里的 'd = had；'d rather 里的 'd = would。在语速快、随意的口语中，人们常省掉 'd（“You better go”）——这是非正式说法；书面上要写 'd better 或 had better。
2.Had better 还是 should？
- should：一般的建议或看法；什么场合都可以用。
- had better：具体的情况、就在眼下，不做的话会有后果。
- had better 语气很强，有时像警告（You'd better pay me back!）。对上司或长辈，用 should 或 “Maybe you could…” 更礼貌。
- had better 不用于过去；表示“当时那样做就好了”，用 should have + V3。
You should read more English books.
你应该多读些英文书。（一般的建议）
The exam is tomorrow. You'd better go to bed early.
明天就考试了，你最好早点睡。（具体情况，有后果）
3.Would rather——偏好
would rather ('d rather) + 动词原形（不加 to）= 在某个具体情况下宁愿做某事。比较两个动作：would rather + 动词 + than + 动词（两个都用原形）。否定式：would rather not + 动词。
I'd rather stay in tonight. I'm really tired.
我今晚宁愿待在家里，我实在太累了。
I'd rather walk than take a taxi.
我宁愿走路也不想打车。
Would you rather have tea or coffee?
你想喝茶还是咖啡？
Shall we go to karaoke? — I'd rather not.
我们去唱卡拉 OK 吧？——我还是不去了。（委婉的拒绝）
4.Would rather + 人 + 过去式
希望别人做（或不做）某事时，用 would rather + 主语 + 一般过去时。动词是过去式，但意思是现在 / 将来。否定用 didn't。“I'd rather you didn't” 是拒绝或请别人别做某事的一种非常礼貌的说法。
I'd rather you didn't smoke in the car.
我希望你别在车里抽烟。
My parents would rather I studied medicine.
我爸妈更希望我学医。
Shall I call him now? — I'd rather you waited until tomorrow.
我现在给他打电话吗？——我倒希望你等到明天再说。
5.Prefer、would prefer 和 would rather
| 句型 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| prefer + noun / -ing + to + noun / -ing | 一般的喜好 | I prefer tea to coffee. / She prefers walking to cycling. |
| would prefer + to-verb (+ rather than + verb) | 现在想要的 | I'd prefer to eat at home tonight. |
| would rather + verb (+ than + verb) | 现在想要的，更口语化 | I'd rather eat at home tonight. |
| would prefer + person + to-verb | 希望别人做的事 | I'd prefer you to drive. |
| would rather + person + past | 希望别人做的事 | I'd rather you drove. |
不要把连接词弄混：prefer A to B（不用 than），而 would rather A than B（不用 to）：I prefer tea to coffee. / I'd rather have tea than coffee.
6.常见错误
You had better to see a doctor.You had better see a doctor.
had better 后面不加 to。
You'd better don't drive tonight.You'd better not drive tonight.
否定式：had better not + 动词。
You would better ask first.You had better ask first.
'd better 是 had better，不是 would。
I'd rather to walk.I'd rather walk.
would rather 后面用不带 to 的动词原形。
I'd rather you don't tell anyone.I'd rather you didn't tell anyone.
would rather + 人 + 过去式；口语中有时能听到现在时，但过去式才是标准用法。
I prefer tea than coffee.I prefer tea to coffee.
prefer A to B。
例句
- It's very late. You'd better go home now.
- I'd rather stay at home than go out in this rain.
- I'd rather cycle to school than take the bus.
- My exam is tomorrow, so I'd better revise tonight.
