Lección 61 · Etapa 4: Tiempos verbales y modales
“Would rather” / “had better”
IntermedioForma y uso
would rather + verbo, had better + verbo — preferencia y consejo firme
1.Had better: un consejo fuerte
had better ('d better) + forma base (sin to) = deberías hacerlo, o habrá un problema o un peligro. Aunque lleva “had”, habla del presente / futuro, no del pasado. Negativa: had better not + verbo.
| Ejemplo | |
|---|---|
| Afirmativa | You'd better (= You had better) go now. |
| Negativa | You'd better not tell anyone. |
| Pregunta (poco común) | Hadn't we better call a taxi? |
It's going to rain. You'd better take an umbrella.
Va a llover. Más vale que te lleves un paraguas.
We'd better leave now, or we'll miss the train.
Será mejor que nos vayamos ya, o perderemos el tren.
You'd better not be late for the interview.
Más te vale no llegar tarde a la entrevista.
En 'd better, 'd = had; en 'd rather, 'd = would. Al hablar rápido y de manera informal, a menudo se omite el 'd (“You better go”); es informal, así que por escrito mantén 'd better o had better. En español equivale a “más vale que…” o “será mejor que…”.
2.¿Had better o should?
- should: consejo u opinión general; sirve en cualquier situación.
- had better: una situación concreta, ahora mismo, con una consecuencia si no lo haces.
- had better suena fuerte, a veces como una advertencia (You'd better pay me back!). Con un jefe o una persona mayor, usa should o “Maybe you could…” para ser educado.
- had better no se usa para el pasado; para “habría sido buena idea”, usa should have + V3.
You should read more English books.
Deberías leer más libros en inglés. (consejo general)
The exam is tomorrow. You'd better go to bed early.
El examen es mañana. Más vale que te acuestes pronto. (concreto, con consecuencia)
3.Would rather: preferencia
would rather ('d rather) + forma base (sin to) = preferir hacer algo en una situación concreta. Para comparar dos acciones: would rather + verbo + than + verbo (los dos en forma base). Negativa: would rather not + verbo.
I'd rather stay in tonight. I'm really tired.
Prefiero quedarme en casa esta noche. Estoy muy cansado.
I'd rather walk than take a taxi.
Prefiero ir andando que coger un taxi.
Would you rather have tea or coffee?
¿Prefieres té o café?
Shall we go to karaoke? — I'd rather not.
¿Vamos al karaoke? — Prefiero que no. (un no educado)
4.Would rather + persona + pasado
Cuando quieres que otra persona haga (o no haga) algo, usa would rather + sujeto + pasado simple. El verbo está en pasado, pero el significado es presente / futuro. Negativa: didn't. “I'd rather you didn't” es una forma muy educada de decir que no o de pedir a alguien que no haga algo.
I'd rather you didn't smoke in the car.
Preferiría que no fumaras en el coche.
My parents would rather I studied medicine.
Mis padres preferirían que estudiara Medicina.
Shall I call him now? — I'd rather you waited until tomorrow.
¿Lo llamo ahora? — Preferiría que esperaras a mañana.
5.Prefer, would prefer y would rather
| Estructura | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| prefer + noun / -ing + to + noun / -ing | gustos en general | I prefer tea to coffee. / She prefers walking to cycling. |
| would prefer + to-verb (+ rather than + verb) | lo que quieres ahora | I'd prefer to eat at home tonight. |
| would rather + verb (+ than + verb) | lo que quieres ahora, más informal | I'd rather eat at home tonight. |
| would prefer + person + to-verb | lo que quieres que haga otra persona | I'd prefer you to drive. |
| would rather + person + past | lo que quieres que haga otra persona | I'd rather you drove. |
No mezcles los conectores: prefer A to B (no than), pero would rather A than B (no to): I prefer tea to coffee. / I'd rather have tea than coffee.
6.Errores comunes
You had better to see a doctor.You had better see a doctor.
No va to después de had better.
You'd better don't drive tonight.You'd better not drive tonight.
Negativa: had better not + verbo.
You would better ask first.You had better ask first.
'd better significa had better, no would.
I'd rather to walk.I'd rather walk.
Después de would rather, va el verbo en forma base sin to.
I'd rather you don't tell anyone.I'd rather you didn't tell anyone.
would rather + persona + pasado; a veces se oye el presente al hablar, pero el pasado es lo estándar.
I prefer tea than coffee.I prefer tea to coffee.
prefer A to B.
Ejemplos
- It's very late. You'd better go home now.
- I'd rather stay at home than go out in this rain.
- I'd rather cycle to school than take the bus.
- My exam is tomorrow, so I'd better revise tonight.
